As mudanças na atividade organística a partir dos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos do século XX
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Data
2016-06-28
Autores
Gianelli, Gustavo Biciato [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar de que formas os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos ocorridos no século XX afetaram a prática musical organística. Transformações históricas, musicais e sociais foram abordadas com o objetivo de compreender as relações estabelecidas entre o instrumento órgão, os músicos, a sociedade e a tecnologia. Tal compreensão pode incentivar novas ideias e novos pontos de vista sobre a função do órgão na sociedade contemporânea, que em grande parte têm vínculos cada vez mais frágeis com a música organística. Por meio de pesquisas em documentos sociais, científicos, mídias distintas, arquivos e entrevistas foi possível formar um panorama das mudanças ocorridas. A análise dessas foi realizada sob a ótica da Sociologia da Tecnologia, em especial da Teoria da Construção Social da Tecnologia, que tem como principal característica tratar as inovações como reações a anseios e desejos de determinado grupo social. A princípio são apresentados conceitos sobre as teorias envolvidas, e é discutido como foram aplicadas no desenvolvimento do trabalho. São analisadas então as principais fases das mudanças ocorridas na prática organística no período abordado: a invenção do Órgão Hammond, em 1935, e as condições que levaram a este desenvolvimento; o surgimento dos órgãos direcionados ao mercado doméstico e a popularização do instrumento eletrônico; o surgimento das tecnologias digitais e os novos rumos da prática organística. Nas conclusões foi demonstrado que, embora a presença de órgãos eletrônicos seja cada vez mais evidente, muitas vezes não como complemento, mas como substituto dos tubulares, as opiniões dos organistas ainda são muito conflitantes, o que contribui para o enfraquecimento da classe como um todo, e que novas formas de se pensar o órgão, suas características e suas funções são parte de uma necessária discussão.
The objective of this study was to investigate how technological developments in the 20th century affected the organ-related musical practice. Historical, musical and social changes were addressed in order to understand the relations between the instrument organ, musicians, society and technology. Such understanding can encourage new ideas and views on the role of the organ in contemporary society, which has increasingly fragile ties to the organ-related music. Through research in social and scientific documents, different media, files and interviews was possible to form an overview of the changes. The analysis of these was carried out from the perspective of Sociology of Technology, particularly the theory of social construction of technology, whose main characteristic is to treat innovations as reactions to longings and desires of a particular social group. The principle concepts on the theories involved are presented, and is discussed as they were applied in the development of work. Following are analyzes of the main changes in organ-related practice in the covered period: the invention of the Hammond Organ in 1935, and the conditions that led to this development; the emergence of organs directed to the domestic market and popularization of electronic instrument; the emergence of digital technologies and new ways of organ-related practice. In the conclusions was demonstrated that, although the presence of electronic organs is increasingly evident, often not as a supplement, but as a substitute for tubular, the opinions of organists are still very conflicting, which contributes to the weakening and that new forms of thinking about the organ, its features and its functions are part of a necessary discussion.
The objective of this study was to investigate how technological developments in the 20th century affected the organ-related musical practice. Historical, musical and social changes were addressed in order to understand the relations between the instrument organ, musicians, society and technology. Such understanding can encourage new ideas and views on the role of the organ in contemporary society, which has increasingly fragile ties to the organ-related music. Through research in social and scientific documents, different media, files and interviews was possible to form an overview of the changes. The analysis of these was carried out from the perspective of Sociology of Technology, particularly the theory of social construction of technology, whose main characteristic is to treat innovations as reactions to longings and desires of a particular social group. The principle concepts on the theories involved are presented, and is discussed as they were applied in the development of work. Following are analyzes of the main changes in organ-related practice in the covered period: the invention of the Hammond Organ in 1935, and the conditions that led to this development; the emergence of organs directed to the domestic market and popularization of electronic instrument; the emergence of digital technologies and new ways of organ-related practice. In the conclusions was demonstrated that, although the presence of electronic organs is increasingly evident, often not as a supplement, but as a substitute for tubular, the opinions of organists are still very conflicting, which contributes to the weakening and that new forms of thinking about the organ, its features and its functions are part of a necessary discussion.
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Palavras-chave
Órgão, Tecnologia, Sociologia, Organ, Technology, Sociology