Deficiência intelectual e ensino-aprendizagem: aproximação entre ensino comum e Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais
Carregando...
Data
2016-03-30
Autores
Moscardini, Saulo Fantato [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Assumindo a relevância que as discussões que permitam a estruturação de práticas sociais e educacionais que, de fato, afiancem a inclusão na escola e na sociedade daqueles sujeitos aceitos como público alvo da educação especial, sobremaneira dos que apresentam indicativos de deficiência intelectual, possuem para a sistematização de políticas públicas equitativas, o estudo que aqui se delineia analisa como são estruturadas as práticas das professoras da sala regular que possuem em sua classe alunos com indicativo de deficiência intelectual e das professoras especialistas, mais especificamente, daquelas docentes responsáveis pelas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais nas quais essas crianças são atendidas, buscando compreender os motivos que sustentam o distanciamento existente entre essas profissionais que inviabilizam a implementação de uma prática de ensino colaborativa e as consequências que essa situação impõe para a aprendizagem escolar das crianças com deficiência intelectual. Para além disso, a presente investigação objetiva a-) avaliar se a prática das professoras especialistas e de suas colegas regentes do ensino regular se encontram em concordância com a legislação educacional brasileira que defende a estruturação de um movimento de inclusão baseado na cooperação entre todos os atores inseridos nesse processo; b-) compreender as diferenças e semelhanças existentes entre o trabalho desenvolvido na sala regular e as dinâmicas implementadas no AEE com o aluno com deficiência intelectual; c-) observar se entre as professoras especializadas e as docentes generalistas existe a preocupação com a manutenção de práticas de ensino colaborativas; d-) averiguar se as propostas de ensino implementadas junto as crianças com deficiência intelectual se mostram capazes de proporcionar o seu desenvolvimento acadêmico. Essa investigação de caráter qualitativo possui como base teórica os escritos de Lev Semiónovich Vigotski, se apoiando na legislação que regulamenta a modalidade de AEE pesquisada, devendo ser aceita como um estudo de caso de orientação descritiva. Nesse sentido, foram selecionados cinco alunos que apresentavam indício de deficiência intelectual e que se encontravam matriculados em escolas públicas municipais localizadas em uma cidade do interior paulista. A indicação dessas crianças se deu pelas professoras do AEE, tomando como base os seguintes critérios: a participação desses alunos no Atendimento Educacional Especializado e a inserção desses indivíduos em salas comuns do 1° ao 4° ano do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental. Essas crianças foram acompanhadas durante todo o ano letivo de 2014, sendo observadas tanto nos momentos que frequentavam o ensino regular, quanto nas suas sessões do Atendimento Educacional Especializado. A coleta de dados se valeu da observação, sendo que todas as informações recolhidas foram organizadas em um diário de campo. O exame dos dados coletados se norteou pela proposta de análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, organizando essas informações em categorias que foram pensadas a partir dos objetivos propostos e tomando como base o referencial teórico que orientou a realização dessa investigação. Os resultados encontrados sublinham a existência de práticas de ensino nas quais o AEE se orienta pelo trabalho com o conteúdo acadêmico, sendo assumido como principal responsável pelo ensino das crianças público alvo da educação especial. A professora da sala regular não se ocupa de oferecer o auxílio necessário para que o aluno possa experienciar seu desenvolvimento escolar, enquanto a docente especialista norteia a sua prática pelas habilidades que devem ser estruturadas nos educandos para que façam frente as urgências do ensino regular, convertendo o AEE em um tipo de reforço escolar. Concluí-se que existe uma distância entre os preceitos contidos nos documentos oficiais e a maneira como o processo inclusivo é organizado no cotidiano escolar, haja vista que entre os professores especialistas e seus colegas do ensino regular não se fazem presentes propostas de trabalho colaborativas, o que acaba por impor dificuldades para a manutenção de práticas de ensino complementares que possam contribuir para a aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência intelectual.
Assuming the relevance of discussions about structuring social and educational practices – that indeed secure school and social inclusion of individuals who receive special education, especially those with intellectual disabilities – have for the systematization of equitable public policies, this study analyzes how the practices of regular class teachers (who have students with indicatives of intellectual disabilities) and specialist teachers (more specifically those who are responsible for Multifunction Resource Rooms) are structured. We seek to understand the reasons that support the gap between these professionals, that prevent the implementation of a collaborative teaching practice and the consequences that this situation imposes at the school education of children with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, the investigation aims at a-) assessing whether the specialist teachers’ and regular teachers practices agree with the Brazilian educational legislation (that supports the structuration of an inclusion movement based on the cooperation amongst all actors in the process; b-) understanding the differences and similarities between the work developed in regular classroom and the dynamics implemented in SES with the intellectually disabled students; c-) observing whether there is concern with maintaining collaborative teaching practices amongst specialist teachers and regular teachers; d-) ascertaining whether educational proposals implemented with intellectually disabled children are capable of providing academic development. This qualitative research has the writings of Lev Semiónovich Vigotski as its theoretical basis, relying on the legislation that regulates the researched SES modality – thus accepted as a case study of descriptive orientation. In this sense, we selected five students who presented indications of intellectual disability, and were enrolled in municipal public schools from a city in the state of São Paulo. These children were indicated by the SES teachers, according to the following criteria: the students’ participation in the Special Education Service and their insertion in common classrooms of 1st to 4th grades of elementary school. These children were followed throughout the school year 2014, observed both while attending regular school, as well as while attending Special Education Service sessions. Data collection was made during observation, and all gathered information was organized in a field diary. The examination of collected data was guided by pela Laurence Bardin’s content analysis proposal, organizing the information in categories that were designed from the proposed objectives, based on the theoretical framework that guided the realization of this investigation. The results underline the existence of teaching practices in which SES is oriented by academic studies, assumed as the main responsible for the education of children in special education. The regular room teacher is not concerned with offering the necessary help for the student to experience their school development, whilst the specialist teacher guides their practice through the skills that should be structured for the children, so they meet the regular education. This converts SES in a kind of school support. We concluded that there is a distance between the precepts contained in official documents and the inclusive process organization in the school routine – given that there are no present collaborative work proposals among specialist and regular teachers. This imposes ultimately difficulties for maintaining complementary teaching practices that contribute to the learning of students with intellectual disabilities.
Assuming the relevance of discussions about structuring social and educational practices – that indeed secure school and social inclusion of individuals who receive special education, especially those with intellectual disabilities – have for the systematization of equitable public policies, this study analyzes how the practices of regular class teachers (who have students with indicatives of intellectual disabilities) and specialist teachers (more specifically those who are responsible for Multifunction Resource Rooms) are structured. We seek to understand the reasons that support the gap between these professionals, that prevent the implementation of a collaborative teaching practice and the consequences that this situation imposes at the school education of children with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, the investigation aims at a-) assessing whether the specialist teachers’ and regular teachers practices agree with the Brazilian educational legislation (that supports the structuration of an inclusion movement based on the cooperation amongst all actors in the process; b-) understanding the differences and similarities between the work developed in regular classroom and the dynamics implemented in SES with the intellectually disabled students; c-) observing whether there is concern with maintaining collaborative teaching practices amongst specialist teachers and regular teachers; d-) ascertaining whether educational proposals implemented with intellectually disabled children are capable of providing academic development. This qualitative research has the writings of Lev Semiónovich Vigotski as its theoretical basis, relying on the legislation that regulates the researched SES modality – thus accepted as a case study of descriptive orientation. In this sense, we selected five students who presented indications of intellectual disability, and were enrolled in municipal public schools from a city in the state of São Paulo. These children were indicated by the SES teachers, according to the following criteria: the students’ participation in the Special Education Service and their insertion in common classrooms of 1st to 4th grades of elementary school. These children were followed throughout the school year 2014, observed both while attending regular school, as well as while attending Special Education Service sessions. Data collection was made during observation, and all gathered information was organized in a field diary. The examination of collected data was guided by pela Laurence Bardin’s content analysis proposal, organizing the information in categories that were designed from the proposed objectives, based on the theoretical framework that guided the realization of this investigation. The results underline the existence of teaching practices in which SES is oriented by academic studies, assumed as the main responsible for the education of children in special education. The regular room teacher is not concerned with offering the necessary help for the student to experience their school development, whilst the specialist teacher guides their practice through the skills that should be structured for the children, so they meet the regular education. This converts SES in a kind of school support. We concluded that there is a distance between the precepts contained in official documents and the inclusive process organization in the school routine – given that there are no present collaborative work proposals among specialist and regular teachers. This imposes ultimately difficulties for maintaining complementary teaching practices that contribute to the learning of students with intellectual disabilities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Inclusão escolar, Deficiência intelectual, Ensino-aprendizagem, Ensino regular, Ensino colaborativo, School inclusion, Intellectual disability, Teaching and learning, Regular education, Collaborative teaching