A relação entre narrativa poética, memória e esquecimento em Memória de elefante, de António Lobo Antunes
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Data
2016-08-25
Autores
Pereira, Daniella Sigoli [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa dissertação busca estudar teoricamente a narrativa poética, enquanto uma manifestação do romance, por meio de dois importantes teóricos que tratam do tema, o alemão, Ralph Freedman (The lyrical novel) e o francês, Jean-Yves Tadié (Le récit poétique). O primeiro postula que a narrativa poética está diretamente relacionada com uma subjetividade marcada pelo ponto de vista de quem narra, já que ele é o responsável pela descrição e, mais do que isso, pela recriação do mundo exterior. O segundo teórico parte de um estudo que é mais estrutural, em que espaço, tempo, personagem e mito estão interligados e fazem com que a narrativa poética, por fim, crie seu próprio mundo. Novamente a ideia de recriação do mundo exterior ganha força aqui, pois o modo como essas estruturas se organizam nessa manifestação romanesca fazem com que significados encobertos tenham um efeito importante nas percepções externas que dificilmente seriam possíveis num romance tradicional. Nosso estudo também se debruça sobre a teorização da memória a partir de diferentes pontos de vista: a) literário, com o linguista alemão Harald Weinrich (Lete: arte e crítica do esquecimento) e o historiador italiano Paolo Rossi (O passado, a memória e o esquecimento); b) filosófico, com Confissões, de Santo Agostinho, com Matéria e Memória e Memória e vida, do filósofo francês Henri Bergson, com A memória, a história e o esquecimento, do filósofo francês Paul Ricoeur, e com o texto “A imagem de Proust”, de Walter Benjamin; c) histórico, com o historiador francês Jacques Le Goff (História e Memória). Além disso, este trabalho propõe um estudo crítico-analítico da obra Memória de Elefante, primeiro romance de António Lobo Antunes, tendo como base estudos feitos pela professora portuguesa Maria Alzira Seixo, referência crítica da obra de Lobo Antunes, e muitos outros trabalhos recentemente publicados no Brasil e em Portugal acerca do autor. Memória de elefante nos conta a trajetória de um dia na vida de um médico psiquiatra, ex-tenente na Guerra Colonial em África, cingido da sua profissão, da sua família, da sua ex-mulher, das suas filhas, de si mesmo e do seu tempo, enfim, além de viver uma experiência de completa solidão e abandono. Em tal análise demonstramos de que maneira a narrativa poética e a memória se apresentam em tal obra. Para além, este estudo pretende contribuir também para uma melhor leitura e entendimento do estilo literário do autor português, bem como contribuir para uma contextualização da obra na produção portuguesa do final do século XX.
Based on two important theoreticians in the field – the North American Ralph Freedman (The lyrical novel), and the French, Jean-Yves Tadié (Le recit poétique) – this dissertation focuses on the theoretical studies of the poetic narrative, as a subgenre of the novel. Freedman postulates that the poetic narrative is directly related to the narrator's subjective point of view, since he is responsible for the description and, more importantly, for the recreation of the exterior world. Tadié is engaged in a more structural study, in which space, time, characters and myth are interconnected; this connection enables the poetic narrative to create its own world. The idea of recreating the exterior world is reinforced once more, since the way structures are organized within the subgenre enables the hidden significations to have an important effect on the external perceptions, which would be practically impossible in a traditional novel. This study is also concerned with the theorization of the memory from different points of view: a) literary, with the German linguist, Herald Weinrich (Lete: arte e crítica do esquecimento) and the Italian historian Paolo Rossi (O passado, a mamória e o esquecimento); b) philosophic, with Confessions by Saint Augustine, with Matéria e memória and Memória e vida, by the French philosopher Henri Bergson, with A memória, a história e o esquecimento, by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur, and with "A imagem de Proust" by Walter Benjamin; c) historic, with the French historian, Jacques Le Goff (História e Memória). In addition to this, this work proposes a critical and analytical study of Memória de Elefante, António Lobo Antunes' first novel. Besides the studies by Maria Alzira Seixo - a reference in Lobo Antunes' critique - a number of studies recently published in Brazil and in Portugal were used to support this analysis. Memória de Elefante describes a day in the life of a psychiatrist, former lieutenant in the African Colonial War, who lives apart from his occupation, his family, his ex-wife, his daughters, and even from himself and his time; in other words, an experience of absolute loneliness and abandonment. In this analysis, it is demonstrated in which way the poetic narrative and the memory are presented in the aforementioned book. Moreover, this study intends to contribute to a better reading and understanding of the literary style of this Portuguese writer as well as contributing to a contextualization of this literary work in the Portuguese production of the 20th century.
Based on two important theoreticians in the field – the North American Ralph Freedman (The lyrical novel), and the French, Jean-Yves Tadié (Le recit poétique) – this dissertation focuses on the theoretical studies of the poetic narrative, as a subgenre of the novel. Freedman postulates that the poetic narrative is directly related to the narrator's subjective point of view, since he is responsible for the description and, more importantly, for the recreation of the exterior world. Tadié is engaged in a more structural study, in which space, time, characters and myth are interconnected; this connection enables the poetic narrative to create its own world. The idea of recreating the exterior world is reinforced once more, since the way structures are organized within the subgenre enables the hidden significations to have an important effect on the external perceptions, which would be practically impossible in a traditional novel. This study is also concerned with the theorization of the memory from different points of view: a) literary, with the German linguist, Herald Weinrich (Lete: arte e crítica do esquecimento) and the Italian historian Paolo Rossi (O passado, a mamória e o esquecimento); b) philosophic, with Confessions by Saint Augustine, with Matéria e memória and Memória e vida, by the French philosopher Henri Bergson, with A memória, a história e o esquecimento, by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur, and with "A imagem de Proust" by Walter Benjamin; c) historic, with the French historian, Jacques Le Goff (História e Memória). In addition to this, this work proposes a critical and analytical study of Memória de Elefante, António Lobo Antunes' first novel. Besides the studies by Maria Alzira Seixo - a reference in Lobo Antunes' critique - a number of studies recently published in Brazil and in Portugal were used to support this analysis. Memória de Elefante describes a day in the life of a psychiatrist, former lieutenant in the African Colonial War, who lives apart from his occupation, his family, his ex-wife, his daughters, and even from himself and his time; in other words, an experience of absolute loneliness and abandonment. In this analysis, it is demonstrated in which way the poetic narrative and the memory are presented in the aforementioned book. Moreover, this study intends to contribute to a better reading and understanding of the literary style of this Portuguese writer as well as contributing to a contextualization of this literary work in the Portuguese production of the 20th century.
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Palavras-chave
Teoria Literária, Narrativa Poética, Memória, António Lobo Antunes, Memória de elefante, Literary Theory, Poetic Narrative, Memory, António Lobo Antunes, Memória de elefante