Violência na adolescência: olhar e articulação da saúde, educação e assistência social
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Data
2016-08-30
Autores
Andrade, Ana Soraya [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: A violência que permeia o universo do adolescente atinge magnitudes muito maiores do que mostram as atuais estatísticas, sendo considerada um grave problema de saúde pública. Por sua complexidade, demanda intervenção abrangente e intersetorial. Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções e experiências de profissionais da saúde, educação e assistência social sobre a violência que envolve os adolescentes. Método: Trata-se de estudo de cunho qualitativo, cuja coleta de dados se deu por meio de três grupos focais com profissionais que atuam nos setores referidos, por entrevistas individuais com os gestores dos respectivos serviços, localizados em um distrito do município de Botucatu/SP e por intermédio de um grupo de discussão com conselheiras tutelares do mesmo município. O material foi gravado, transcrito na íntegra e sistematizado para análise segundo o método de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin, na modalidade de análise temática. Resultados: Foi comum, entre os profissionais participantes, a concepção abrangente sobre a violência que envolve o universo do adolescente e suas diversas formas de manifestação e as consequências danosas a este grupo e à sociedade. Apesar da tentativa pelos três setores e pelo conselho tutelar de trabalhar com este público e sua família, notou-se forte despreparo profissional e, por vezes, culpabilização das famílias e dos próprios adolescentes, sendo também manifestados sentimentos de impotência no trato diário com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Pelos relatos, verificou-se o quanto o setor da Educação encontra-se à parte das ações intersetoriais, com problemas estruturais e sobrecarga de trabalho e em alguns casos, sem o conhecimento dos serviços de apoio, apesar do empenho pessoal em favor dos adolescentes. A Saúde apresentou-se disposta em trabalhar com adolescentes, mas por vezes sentindo-se sucumbida pela grande demanda dos serviços da atenção básica e engessada pelas burocracias estabelecidas pelos órgãos de apoio. Os profissionais da Assistência Social mostraram-se mais familiarizados com ações de prevenção da violência e fortemente engajados na construção de redes de apoio com os demais setores e famílias dos adolescentes. As conselheiras tutelares apontaram a necessidade de intervenções contrapondo-se ao número mínimo de pessoas no órgão, para enfrentamento do agravo em foco. Os gestores revelaram as mesmas concepções e dificuldades, sendo observado em alguns momentos descompasso entre a direção escolar e os professores. Todos apresentaram diversas sugestões além da capacitação profissional, como contratação de profissionais, diminuição da sobrecarga de trabalho e importância de se trabalhar com a família, não só com o adolescente. Conclusão: Pondera-se que para além das capacitações aos servidores, tenha-se comprometimento dos gestores de cada setor e também dos gestores municipais, para incentivo às ações intersetoriais, inclusive com criação de protocolo de atenção à violência que envolve o adolescente, através da articulação governamental, consubstanciando a prevenção e promoção à saúde dos adolescentes e de suas famílias.
Introduction: The violence that permeates the teenagers universe reaches much higher than current statistics show magnitudes, and is considered a serious public health problem. Due to its complexity, demands comprehensive and cross-sectoral intervention. Objective: To know the perceptions and experiences of health professionals, education and social assistance about violence that involves teenagers. Method: This is a qualitative approach study, which data collection was through three focus groups with professionals who work in these sectors, for individual interviews with the managers of the respective services located in a district of Botucatu / SP and through a discussion group with tutelary councilors of the same municipality. The material was recorded, full transcribed and systematized for analysis according to the analysis content method proposed by Bardin, in the form of thematic analysis. Results: It was common to professional participants, the embracing conception of violence involving adolescent universe and its various manifestations, as well as the harmful consequences for this group and for the society. Despite attempts by the three sectors and the Child Protection Council, to work with this audience and their families, they were noted strong professional unpreparedness and sometimes blaming of families and adolescent themselves also being manifested helplessness feelings in daily intercourse with teenagers in social vulnerability. According to the reports was able to confirm as the education sector it is part of intersectoral actions with structural problems and work overload, and in some cases without the knowledge of support services, despite the personal efforts on behalf of adolescents. Health has shown its willingness to work with teenagers, but sometimes succumbed by the great demand of services of primary care and hamstrung by bureaucracies established by organ support. Professional social assistance proved more familiar with actions to prevent violence and strongly engaged in building support networks with other sectors and families of adolescents. The tutelary counselors revealed the need for interventions opposing the minimum number of people on the organ, to face the injury in focus. Managers showed the same conceptions and difficulties being observed at times mismatch between the school administration and teachers. All presented several suggestions in addition to professional training, such as hiring professionals, reduced workload and the importance of working with the family too, not only the teenager. Conclusion: Consider beyond the servers training, has up commitment of the managers of each sector as well as county managers, to encourage the intersectoral action, including the creation of care protocols that involves teenagers violence through governmental coordination, consolidating prevention and health promotion of adolescents and their families.
Introduction: The violence that permeates the teenagers universe reaches much higher than current statistics show magnitudes, and is considered a serious public health problem. Due to its complexity, demands comprehensive and cross-sectoral intervention. Objective: To know the perceptions and experiences of health professionals, education and social assistance about violence that involves teenagers. Method: This is a qualitative approach study, which data collection was through three focus groups with professionals who work in these sectors, for individual interviews with the managers of the respective services located in a district of Botucatu / SP and through a discussion group with tutelary councilors of the same municipality. The material was recorded, full transcribed and systematized for analysis according to the analysis content method proposed by Bardin, in the form of thematic analysis. Results: It was common to professional participants, the embracing conception of violence involving adolescent universe and its various manifestations, as well as the harmful consequences for this group and for the society. Despite attempts by the three sectors and the Child Protection Council, to work with this audience and their families, they were noted strong professional unpreparedness and sometimes blaming of families and adolescent themselves also being manifested helplessness feelings in daily intercourse with teenagers in social vulnerability. According to the reports was able to confirm as the education sector it is part of intersectoral actions with structural problems and work overload, and in some cases without the knowledge of support services, despite the personal efforts on behalf of adolescents. Health has shown its willingness to work with teenagers, but sometimes succumbed by the great demand of services of primary care and hamstrung by bureaucracies established by organ support. Professional social assistance proved more familiar with actions to prevent violence and strongly engaged in building support networks with other sectors and families of adolescents. The tutelary counselors revealed the need for interventions opposing the minimum number of people on the organ, to face the injury in focus. Managers showed the same conceptions and difficulties being observed at times mismatch between the school administration and teachers. All presented several suggestions in addition to professional training, such as hiring professionals, reduced workload and the importance of working with the family too, not only the teenager. Conclusion: Consider beyond the servers training, has up commitment of the managers of each sector as well as county managers, to encourage the intersectoral action, including the creation of care protocols that involves teenagers violence through governmental coordination, consolidating prevention and health promotion of adolescents and their families.
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Palavras-chave
Violência, Adolescente, Saúde, Educação, Assistência social, Ação intersetorial, Violence, Adolescent, Health, Education, Social welfare, Intersectoral action