A mídia e a infância: da exposição aos reflexos na escola no tocante à sexualidade
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Data
2016-09-14
Autores
Pongeluppe, Maria Angélica Brizolari [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As crianças, cada vez mais precocemente, são apresentadas aos diferentes recursos midiáticos e, através deles, vão adentrando num atraente mundo que lhes oferece um sem número de possibilidades de entretenimento. Realizada numa escola pública de educação infantil de um bairro periférico da cidade de Araraquara – SP, a presente pesquisa objetivou levantar a exposição das crianças de cinco/seis anos a tais recursos, quais reflexos esta exposição pode gerar no tocante à sexualidade desvelando as percepções da docente acerca dessas manifestações. Com âncora nas discussões provenientes dos Estudos Feministas e dos Estudos Culturais, numa perspectiva pós-estruturalista de análise, foi possível compreender, de forma mais ampla, o quanto as crianças dessa faixa etária estão submersas em tecnologias, como aparelhos de televisão e celulares com acesso à Internet, em detrimento de outros tipos de atividades, com a anuência dos pais. A partir da compreensão de que a linguagem é o centro para a significação do mundo, consideramos a perspectiva foucaultiana para a análise do trabalho. Para tanto, fizemos usos de elementos da etnografia para a coleta de dados – etnografia de tela, observação, entrevista e análise documental - e assim, foi possível constatar que os diferentes artefatos culturais, destinados ao público estudado, veiculados pela mídia, apesar de aparentemente inocentes, não são neutros em suas mensagens. São, de fato, cuidadosamente preparados de modo a imprimir nos/as pequenos/as comportamentos, falas e atitudes que os/as ensinam, de forma eficaz, a como serem homens e mulheres. Mensagens de cunho sexista, como estratégias de governamento, reforçam estereótipos de masculinidades e feminilidades que são incorporadas e foram externadas pela voz das crianças em diferentes momentos da presente pesquisa. Ficou evidente, no depoimento da professora, ao final deste trabalho, sua preocupação maior em observar as mensagens veiculadas pela mídia, antes não notadas por ela em suas particularidades, e sua mudança de concepção sobre o conceito de sexualidade e de educação sexual após participar da pesquisa. As análises da entrevista com citada profissional permitiram averiguar que, embora os/as educadores tenham dificuldades em tratar de questões ligadas à sexualidade dos/as alunos/as, as discussões sobre a temática ocorrem apenas em momentos de conversas informais entre eles/as, e não nos horários destinados à formação continuada.
Children increasingly earlier, are being presented to different media resources and, through them, they are entering into an attractive world that offers a multitude of entertainment possibilities. This study was held in a public kindergarten school in the city of Araraquara - Brazil. It aimed to check the level of exposure to such resources and what consequences these exposures can generate in relation to sexuality in children from five to six years. Based in discussions of feminist studies and cultural studies, in a post-structuralist analysis perspective, it was possible to understand, more broadly, how children of this age are immersed in technology, such as television and mobile phones with access to Internet, with the consent of the parents, instead of being doing other types of activities. From the understanding that language is central to the world, we considered Foucault's perspective for the analysis of this work. Therefore, we made use of ethnography elements for data collection - screen ethnography, observation, interviews and document analysis - and so, it was found that the different cultural artifacts directed to the studied public, conveyed by the media, although apparently innocent, are not neutral in their messages. They are, in fact, carefully prepared in order to show kids behavior, words and attitudes that teach them, effectively, how is to be men and women. The sexist nature of messages, with posture management strategies, reinforce stereotypes of masculinity and femininity which are incorporated and were expressed by the children at different moments in this study. It was evident in the teacher's testimony at the end of this work, her concern in observing the messages given by the media, thing that was not previously noted by her, and her changed view about the concept of sexuality and sexual education after participating in the research. The analysis of the interview with this tutor allowed to ascertain that while educators have difficulties in dealing with sexuality issues of the students, discussions about this matter occur only during informal conversations between them, and not during schooling time.
Children increasingly earlier, are being presented to different media resources and, through them, they are entering into an attractive world that offers a multitude of entertainment possibilities. This study was held in a public kindergarten school in the city of Araraquara - Brazil. It aimed to check the level of exposure to such resources and what consequences these exposures can generate in relation to sexuality in children from five to six years. Based in discussions of feminist studies and cultural studies, in a post-structuralist analysis perspective, it was possible to understand, more broadly, how children of this age are immersed in technology, such as television and mobile phones with access to Internet, with the consent of the parents, instead of being doing other types of activities. From the understanding that language is central to the world, we considered Foucault's perspective for the analysis of this work. Therefore, we made use of ethnography elements for data collection - screen ethnography, observation, interviews and document analysis - and so, it was found that the different cultural artifacts directed to the studied public, conveyed by the media, although apparently innocent, are not neutral in their messages. They are, in fact, carefully prepared in order to show kids behavior, words and attitudes that teach them, effectively, how is to be men and women. The sexist nature of messages, with posture management strategies, reinforce stereotypes of masculinity and femininity which are incorporated and were expressed by the children at different moments in this study. It was evident in the teacher's testimony at the end of this work, her concern in observing the messages given by the media, thing that was not previously noted by her, and her changed view about the concept of sexuality and sexual education after participating in the research. The analysis of the interview with this tutor allowed to ascertain that while educators have difficulties in dealing with sexuality issues of the students, discussions about this matter occur only during informal conversations between them, and not during schooling time.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Infância, Mídia, Sexualidade, Pedagogias culturais, Childhood, Media, Sexuality, Cultural Apprenticeship