A vivência de ser cientista docente-pesquisador formador de professores na indissociabilidade do tripé universitário: um estudo com físicos e químicos
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Data
2016-08-26
Autores
Suart Júnior, José Bento [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando-se a constituição de saberes docentes como uma atividade complexa que perpassa não somente a formação acadêmica, como também a constituição de valores e crenças pessoais, o fenômeno da existência de cientistas como integrantes dos cursos de formação de professores, organizados administrativa e ideologicamente na Universidade, convida a reflexões sobre as diferentes dimensões que compõem o conjunto destas crenças e valores, para além das próprias práticas pedagógicas e investigativas que nutrem a composição de saberes destes indivíduos. Assim este estudo voltou-se para a questão: como cientistas significam a vivência de ser docente-pesquisador formador de professores na indissociabilidade do tripé universitário? A partir da fenomenologia como abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, quatro docentes-pesquisadores de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo, foram questionados sobre a prática da ciência no interior da indissociabilidade do tripé universitário assim como sobre sua participação como formadores de professores em um curso de licenciatura. Sob as orientações metodológicas da fenomenologia foram levantadas unidades de significado que após três reduções levaram a constituição de duas categorias abertas estruturantes do fenômeno investigado. Evidenciadas as categorias “Ciência” e “Universidade”, fez-se um levantamento de referenciais que permitissem um entendimento de cada uma destas sendo que para a categoria “Ciência”, o levantamento conduziu a pesquisa até as contribuições da Filosofia da Ciência e da Sociologia da Ciência, enquanto a categoria “Universidade” solicitou um estudo histórico da instituição do tripé-universitário no Brasil, assim como do contexto político-filosófico-pedagógico da universidade na atualidade. A análise dos invariantes constituintes das categorias, a partir dos levantamentos teóricos propostos produziu um quadro em que a ciência tem se manifestado como uma atividade fechada, dogmática, calcada em um tecnicocientificismo que esvazia as suas contribuições sociais. Alocada na universidade, que vivencia uma tripla crise identitária, esta ciência é obrigada a vencer os obstáculos burocráticos advindos de uma organização administrativa que fragmenta funções e as reestrutura por meio de um tripé no qual o diálogo entre o Ensino e a Pesquisa fica relegado à extensão, funções outorgadas aos próprios cientistas que são os responsáveis pela administração da universidade nos moldes organizacionais, descaracterizando sua autonomia. Neste quadro, a formação de professores sofre desvalorização financeira e cultural quando se volta para a educação básica, ao mesmo tempo em que enfrenta a primazia da Pesquisa, responsável pela cultura da outorga simbólica da profissionalidade nas funções de docente, extensionista e gestor. Os resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa suscitam novos temas a serem aprofundados em investigações futuras e apontam para: 1) a extensão das pesquisas em ensino de ciências ao nível da pós-graduação, como forma de contribuição para a instituição da formação para a docência na pós-graduação; 2) a ideia de uma alfabetização cientifica crítica em nível de pós-graduação como política educacional que visa a formação de cientistas críticos e responsáveis e 3) a instituição da pós-graduação como um processo de formação profissional para o Ensino, a Pesquisa, a Extensão e a gestão na Universidade, o que carece de identificação dos saberes e competências para a profissionalização do docente-pesquisador.
The development of teaching knowledge is considered a complex activity that admit not only academic knowledge but also personal values and beliefs. In this case, the phenomenon of the existence of scientists as members of the teacher training courses, administrative and ideologically organized into University, bring reflections about different dimensions that take part on this set of beliefs and values, in addition to its own pedagogical and research practices that make the composition of knowledge of these individuals. The question on this research is: how scientists mean the experience of being a professor-researcher, member in teacher’s training courses at the inseparability of university academical structure? Looking for the answer, four professors-researchers , from a University of São Paulo State, were interviewed using phenomenology as qualitative research approach, asked about the practice of science within the university academical structure, as well as on their participation in teacher’s training courses. Meaning units were found through the methodological guidance of phenomenology, and after three phenomenological reductions, two open categories were built structuring the phenomenon investigated. With the open categories "Science" and "University", there was a survey of references that allow the understanding of each of these. Two "Science", the research led to the contributions of the Philosophy of Science and Sociology of Science, while the category "University" asked a historical study of the academic organization of the university in Brazil, as well as the political-philosophical and pedagogical context of the university nowadays. The analysis of the constituents invariants of open categories produced a framework in which science has manifested itself as a closed activity, dogmatic, based on a technical-scientism, emptying their social contributions. Allocated at the university, who experiences a triple identity crisis, this science is required to overcome the bureaucratic obstacles arising from an administrative organization which breaks functions and restructures using a tripod on which the dialogue between teaching and research is relegated to extension , functions granted to the scientists themselves who are responsible for university administration in organizational manner that mischaracterizes their autonomy. In this context, the training of teachers for basic education suffers financial and cultural devaluation, while facing the primacy of research, responsible for culture of the symbolic granting of professionalism in teaching functions, extension and manager. The results found in this study raise new issues to be analyzed in future research related to: 1) the extent of research in science education at the level of postgraduate studies, as a contribution to the institution of teachers training for it; 2) the idea of a critical scientific literacy for postgraduate studies level as an educational policy aimed at the formation of responsible and critical scientists 3) the institution of postgraduate studies as a training process for teaching, research, extension and management at the University, which requires identification of the knowledge and skills to the professionalization of the professor-researcher.
The development of teaching knowledge is considered a complex activity that admit not only academic knowledge but also personal values and beliefs. In this case, the phenomenon of the existence of scientists as members of the teacher training courses, administrative and ideologically organized into University, bring reflections about different dimensions that take part on this set of beliefs and values, in addition to its own pedagogical and research practices that make the composition of knowledge of these individuals. The question on this research is: how scientists mean the experience of being a professor-researcher, member in teacher’s training courses at the inseparability of university academical structure? Looking for the answer, four professors-researchers , from a University of São Paulo State, were interviewed using phenomenology as qualitative research approach, asked about the practice of science within the university academical structure, as well as on their participation in teacher’s training courses. Meaning units were found through the methodological guidance of phenomenology, and after three phenomenological reductions, two open categories were built structuring the phenomenon investigated. With the open categories "Science" and "University", there was a survey of references that allow the understanding of each of these. Two "Science", the research led to the contributions of the Philosophy of Science and Sociology of Science, while the category "University" asked a historical study of the academic organization of the university in Brazil, as well as the political-philosophical and pedagogical context of the university nowadays. The analysis of the constituents invariants of open categories produced a framework in which science has manifested itself as a closed activity, dogmatic, based on a technical-scientism, emptying their social contributions. Allocated at the university, who experiences a triple identity crisis, this science is required to overcome the bureaucratic obstacles arising from an administrative organization which breaks functions and restructures using a tripod on which the dialogue between teaching and research is relegated to extension , functions granted to the scientists themselves who are responsible for university administration in organizational manner that mischaracterizes their autonomy. In this context, the training of teachers for basic education suffers financial and cultural devaluation, while facing the primacy of research, responsible for culture of the symbolic granting of professionalism in teaching functions, extension and manager. The results found in this study raise new issues to be analyzed in future research related to: 1) the extent of research in science education at the level of postgraduate studies, as a contribution to the institution of teachers training for it; 2) the idea of a critical scientific literacy for postgraduate studies level as an educational policy aimed at the formation of responsible and critical scientists 3) the institution of postgraduate studies as a training process for teaching, research, extension and management at the University, which requires identification of the knowledge and skills to the professionalization of the professor-researcher.
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Palavras-chave
Fenomenologia, Estrutura Universitária, Ensino Superior, Natureza da Ciência, Phenomenology, University Structure, Higher Education, Science Nature