Ruralismo pedagógico versus concepção de educação do MST: abordagens divergentes de projetos de educação do campo no Brasil
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2016-10-17
Autores
Ramal, Camila Timpani [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a ideologia educacional do movimento do ruralismo pedagógico que atribuiu à escola rural a responsabilidade de cessar o êxodo rural, iniciado com o processo de industrialização do Brasil, no início do século XX. Embasados num contexto político, econômico e social demarcado pelo grande latifúndio, os ruralistas acreditavam que a conservação da população rural no campo evitaria a migração, o inchaço nas cidades e manteria assim, essa subjugada às práticas de mandonismo empregadas pelo sistema coronelista. Toda a ideologia de formação do homem rural perpassa por representações de alguns autores da época com a visão pejorativa do homem caipira. É através do pensamento do autor Sud Mennucci que ora fazemos este recorte histórico. Neste sentido, também é possível demonstrar como se apresenta a desvalorização do homem do rural no contexto nacional, principalmente no que se refere ao seu processo educacional e à manutenção do status quo muito presente no Brasil, no período assinalado. A outra abordagem temática recai sobre o século XXI, e assim, busca observar como o MST conduz, no contexto atual, a sua proposta de educação para o homem do campo, imbuídos por uma conjuntura de transformação social e histórica do sujeito do campo. Para esta segunda temática, os referenciais teóricos são embasados em autores como Paulo Freire, Dulce Whitaker, Miguel Arroyo, Roseli Caldart e Bernardo Mançano Fernandes que perpassam por discursos que colocam o homem do campo num ambiente educacional que propõe uma luta efetiva contra o latifúndio e a exploração do trabalho e demanda valorização das práticas e da cultura desse homem. Coloca-se assim, a diferença entre as duas propostas pedagógicas, que na busca por desenvolver uma concepção de educação do campo, condicionada por marcos históricos, políticos e sociais distintos, rumam por caminhos essencialmente divergentes.
This paper aims to discuss the educational ideology of the pedagogical rural movement, witch assigned to rural schools the responsibility to cease rural exodus, started with the process of industrialization in Brazil in the early twentieth century. Grounded in a political, economic and social context marked by the large estates (latifundium), the ruralists believed that maintaining the rural population in the countryside it would avoid migration, swelling of the cities, and it would keep that population subjugated to despotic practices employed by the landowner system – “coronelista” system. All the concepts of the rural man´s structure is permeated with representations of some contemporaneous authors, with pejorative view of a “yokel” man. It is through the thoughts of the author Sud Mennucci that now we frame this historical period. In this picture, it is also possible to demonstrate the devaluation of the rural man in the national context, especially regard to their educational process, and the maintenance of the “status quo”, very present in Brazil in the early twentieth century. The other thematic approach falls on the twenty-first century, and seeks to observe how the MST leads, in the current context, its education proposal for the countryman, imbued in a situation of social and historical transformation of that subject. For this second theme, the theoretical frameworks are grounded in authors such as Paulo Freire, Dulce Whitaker, Miguel Arroyo, Roseli Caldart and Bernardo Mançano Fernandes, that puts the countryman in an educational environment that proposes an effective fight against landlordism and labor exploitation and demands appreciation for this man´s practices and culture. So, it´s shown the differences between the two educational proposals, that seek to develop a concept of rural education, conditioned by distinct historical, social and political frameworks, flocks by essentially divergent paths
This paper aims to discuss the educational ideology of the pedagogical rural movement, witch assigned to rural schools the responsibility to cease rural exodus, started with the process of industrialization in Brazil in the early twentieth century. Grounded in a political, economic and social context marked by the large estates (latifundium), the ruralists believed that maintaining the rural population in the countryside it would avoid migration, swelling of the cities, and it would keep that population subjugated to despotic practices employed by the landowner system – “coronelista” system. All the concepts of the rural man´s structure is permeated with representations of some contemporaneous authors, with pejorative view of a “yokel” man. It is through the thoughts of the author Sud Mennucci that now we frame this historical period. In this picture, it is also possible to demonstrate the devaluation of the rural man in the national context, especially regard to their educational process, and the maintenance of the “status quo”, very present in Brazil in the early twentieth century. The other thematic approach falls on the twenty-first century, and seeks to observe how the MST leads, in the current context, its education proposal for the countryman, imbued in a situation of social and historical transformation of that subject. For this second theme, the theoretical frameworks are grounded in authors such as Paulo Freire, Dulce Whitaker, Miguel Arroyo, Roseli Caldart and Bernardo Mançano Fernandes, that puts the countryman in an educational environment that proposes an effective fight against landlordism and labor exploitation and demands appreciation for this man´s practices and culture. So, it´s shown the differences between the two educational proposals, that seek to develop a concept of rural education, conditioned by distinct historical, social and political frameworks, flocks by essentially divergent paths
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Palavras-chave
Educação do campo, Ruralismo pedagógico, MST, Countryside education, Pedagogical ruralism