Avaliação dos parâmetros físicos, químicos, biológicos e ecológicos do curso d’água do Rio Turvo (SP)
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Data
2016-12-19
Autores
Borda, Ana Amabile [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos muitos estudos têm sido realizados para investigar o problema da redução da qualidade da água para o abastecimento, lazer, irrigação, entre outros, levando à identificação das fontes poluidoras, bem como à elaboração de propostas para o seu controle. Outra prática bastante utilizada é o estabelecimento de indicadores da qualidade das águas (físicos, químicos e biológicos). A preservação da qualidade da água é uma necessidade universal, que exige atenção por parte das autoridades sanitárias e consumidores em geral, principalmente nos cursos d´água destinados ao consumo humano, visto que sua contaminação por excretos de origem humana e animal pode torná-las um veículo de transmissão de agentes de doenças. Este trabalho avalia a qualidade do curso d’água do Rio Turvo/SP utilizando parâmetros físicos, químicos, biológicos e ecológicos e aspectos referentes da legislação vigente. Foram realizadas análises físicas, químicas, microbiológicas, ecológicas e de gestão ambiental e sanitária em seis pontos específicos do curso d’água do Rio Turvo, localizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Médio Paranapanema. Aplicou-se um protocolo de avaliação rápida com o intuito de se conhecer o grau de conservação e qualidade ecológica dos pontos amostrados. Os resultados de ensaios físicos e químicos demonstram que a maioria dos valores obtidos estão dentro dos padrões exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde e Conama, no entanto, os parâmetros ferro, fosfato e DBO demonstraram valores acima do permitido e são causados principalmente pelo lançamento de esgotos domésticos e excrementos animais. Os parâmetros microbiológicos demonstram a presença de coliformes totais em todos os pontos analisados, caracterizando o lançamento de esgotos e possível veiculação de doenças. A avaliação ecológica rápida demonstrou grau moderado de conservação na maioria dos ambientes estudados e as principais causas são as interferências urbanas e o descaso com o meio ambiente. Assim, se faz necessário melhorar a gestão sanitária municipal das cidades por onde o Rio Turvo percorre, com ênfase no tratamento de água e de esgoto e existe a necessidade de continuar os estudos e parâmetros com relação do Rio Turvo para acompanhamento da qualidade ambiental, sanitária, física, química e microbiológica afim de servir como base para melhores políticas públicas e desenvolvimento do manejo com o ambiente.
In recent years, many studies have been carried out to investigate the problem of water quality reduction for water supply, leisure, irrigation, among others, leading to the identification of pollutant sources, as well as the preparation of proposals for its control. Another widely used practice is the establishment of water quality indicators (physical, chemical and biological). The preservation of water quality is a universal need, which requires attention from health authorities and consumers in general, especially in water courses intended for human consumption, since their contamination by excreta of human and animal origin can make them a vehicle for the transmission of disease agents. This work evaluates the quality of the Rio Turvo / SP watercourse using physical, chemical, biological and ecological parameters and referring aspects of the current legislation. Physical, chemical, microbiological, ecological and environmental and health management analyzes were carried out at six specific points in the Rio Turvo watercourse, located in the Paranapanema Basin. A rapid evaluation protocol was applied in order to know the degree of conservation and ecological quality of the points sampled. The results of physical and chemical tests show that most of the values obtained are within the standards required by the Ministry of Health and Conama, however, the iron, phosphate and BOD parameters showed values above the allowable and are mainly caused by the discharge of domestic sewage of animal droppings. Microbiological parameters demonstrate the presence of total coliforms in all the analyzed points, characterizing the discharge of sewage and possible disease transmission. The rapid ecological evaluation showed a moderate degree of conservation in most of the studied environments and the main causes are the urban interferences and the neglect with the environment. Thus, it is necessary to improve the municipal sanitary management of the cities through which Rio Turvo travels, with emphasis on the treatment of water and sewage, and there is a need to continue the studies and parameters related to Rio Turvo for monitoring the environmental, sanitary quality , Physics, chemistry and microbiology in order to serve as a basis for better public policies and development of environmental management.
In recent years, many studies have been carried out to investigate the problem of water quality reduction for water supply, leisure, irrigation, among others, leading to the identification of pollutant sources, as well as the preparation of proposals for its control. Another widely used practice is the establishment of water quality indicators (physical, chemical and biological). The preservation of water quality is a universal need, which requires attention from health authorities and consumers in general, especially in water courses intended for human consumption, since their contamination by excreta of human and animal origin can make them a vehicle for the transmission of disease agents. This work evaluates the quality of the Rio Turvo / SP watercourse using physical, chemical, biological and ecological parameters and referring aspects of the current legislation. Physical, chemical, microbiological, ecological and environmental and health management analyzes were carried out at six specific points in the Rio Turvo watercourse, located in the Paranapanema Basin. A rapid evaluation protocol was applied in order to know the degree of conservation and ecological quality of the points sampled. The results of physical and chemical tests show that most of the values obtained are within the standards required by the Ministry of Health and Conama, however, the iron, phosphate and BOD parameters showed values above the allowable and are mainly caused by the discharge of domestic sewage of animal droppings. Microbiological parameters demonstrate the presence of total coliforms in all the analyzed points, characterizing the discharge of sewage and possible disease transmission. The rapid ecological evaluation showed a moderate degree of conservation in most of the studied environments and the main causes are the urban interferences and the neglect with the environment. Thus, it is necessary to improve the municipal sanitary management of the cities through which Rio Turvo travels, with emphasis on the treatment of water and sewage, and there is a need to continue the studies and parameters related to Rio Turvo for monitoring the environmental, sanitary quality , Physics, chemistry and microbiology in order to serve as a basis for better public policies and development of environmental management.
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Palavras-chave
Qualidade da água, Coliformes fecais, Avaliação ecológica rápida, Gestão ambiental, Water quality, Fecal coliforms, Rapid ecological assessment, Environmental management