Correlações entre variáveis morfológicas, fisiológicas e tecnológicas na maturação da cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2016-10-04
Autores
Moura, Paula Caroline Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A maturação da cana-de-açúcar do ponto de vista econômico é determinada pelas análises tecnológicas realizadas a partir do caldo extraído dos colmos e os teores obtidos são comparados aos dados de literatura. Diversas variáveis podem auxiliar para estimar a maturação, no entanto, as atualmente usuais são consideradas empíricas, pouco exatas ou trabalhosas. Nota-se que o processo de maturação da cana-de-açúcar influencia na sua morfologia, fisiologia e metabolismo e a detecção ideal seria realizada pela observação de todos estes fatores, além de que, se acompanhados, poderiam auxiliar na distinção prévia do potencial produtivo de novos genótipos, sem necessariamente cultivá-los até o final do ciclo biológico. O objetivo do trabalho foi detectar a maturação da cana-de-açúcar por meio das alterações morfológicas, fisiológicas, enzimáticas e nutricionais em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado na Usina da Barra - Grupo Raízen, as avaliações entre março e julho de 2015 e as variedades utilizadas foram a RB855156 (precoce) e a RB92579 (tardia). Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro e número de colmos, comprimento e número de entrenós, número de folhas verdes, comprimento e largura da folha +3, área foliar e índice de área foliar, massa da matéria fresca e seca das folhas e colmos, índice SPAD, conteúdo de clorofilas e carotenoides, NDVI, Brix% caldo, pureza, Pol% cana, ATR, ART, teor de fibras, AR, U% e PBU, atividade da SPS, SuSy e das invertases ácidas e neutras do colmo e das folhas e o teor foliar de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S e B. Para acompanhar e discriminar o período de maturação entre as duas variedades, os dados das análises tecnológicas foram submetidos ao teste de "t" (teste de Student, p < 0,05) entre as variedades e dentro das épocas de estudos. Para determinar quais variáveis estavam associadas à maturação das variedades, realizou-se a correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis morfológicas, fisiológicas, enzimáticas, nutricionais e as variáveis tecnológicas, para cada variedade. A maturação da variedade RB855156 foi detectada através das variáveis morfológicas largura da folha +3, área foliar, índice de área foliar, número de entrenós, as fisiológicas índice SPAD, teor de clorofila a, b, a+b, carotenóides e a atividade enzimática da SuSy no sentido quebra. A variedade RB92579 até a última avaliação, conforme o Brix e pureza do caldo, não havia iniciado o processo de maturação. No entanto, ao compararmos as variáveis fisiológicas, morfológicas e enzimáticas com os atributos tecnológicos, nota-se que as variáveis que foram selecionadas pela análise de correlação foram as mesmas da variedade RB855156, com exceção do índice SPAD e largura da folha +3.As variáveis número de entrenós, diâmetro do colmo, altura de inserção da folha +1, comprimento da folha +3, índice SPAD e número de folhas verdes podem serutilizadas para estimar, por meio de regressões múltiplas, as características tecnológicas Brix% caldo, pureza, umidade, ART, PCC e ATR durante a maturação das variedades estudadas.
The ripeness of sugarcane from the economic point of view is determined by the technological analyzes carried out from the broth extracted from the stalks and the obtained contents are compared to the literature data. Several variables may help to estimate ripeness, however, the current ones are considered empirical, not exact or laborious. The sugar cane ripeness process influences its morphology, physiology and metabolism and the ideal detection would be performed by observing all these factors, and if accompanied, could help in the previous distinction of productive potential of new genotypes, without necessarily growing them until the end of the biological cycle. The objective of this work was to detect the ripeness of sugarcane by means of morphological, physiological, enzymatic and nutritional changes in two sugarcane varieties. The experiment was carried out at the Barra Plant - Raízen Group, evaluations between March and July 2015 and the varieties used were RB855156 (early) and RB92579 (late). The height of plants, length, diameter and number of stalks, length and number of internodes, number of green leaves, length and width of leaf +3, leaf area and leaf area index, fresh and dry matter mass of leaves and stems, SPAD index, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, NDVI, Brix% broth, purity, Pol%, ATR, ART, fiber content, AR, U% and PBU, SPS activity, SuSy and acid and leaf, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S and B. To monitor and discriminate the ripeness period between the two varieties, the data of the technological analyzes were submitted to the test of "T" (Student test, p <0.05) between the varieties and within the study periods. In order to determine which variables were associated with the maturation of the varieties, the Pearson correlation was performed between the morphological, physiological, enzymatic, nutritional variables and the technological variables, for each variety. The maturation of the variety RB855156 was detected through the morphological variables leaf width +3, leaf area, leaf area index, number of internodes, physiological index SPAD, chlorophyll a, b, a + b content, carotenoids and enzymatic activity of SuSy in the sense breaks. The variety RB92579 until the last evaluation, according to the Brix and purity of the broth, had not started the maturation process. However, when comparing the physiological, morphological and enzymatic variables with the technological attributes, it is noticed that the variables that were selected by the correlation analysis were the same of the variety RB855156, except for the SPAD index and leaf width + 3. As The number of internodes, stalk diameter, leaf insertion height +1, leaf length +3, SPAD index and number of green leaves can be used to estimate, by means of multiple regressions, the technological characteristics Brix% broth, purity, Moisture, ART, PCC and ATR during maturation of the studied varieties.
The ripeness of sugarcane from the economic point of view is determined by the technological analyzes carried out from the broth extracted from the stalks and the obtained contents are compared to the literature data. Several variables may help to estimate ripeness, however, the current ones are considered empirical, not exact or laborious. The sugar cane ripeness process influences its morphology, physiology and metabolism and the ideal detection would be performed by observing all these factors, and if accompanied, could help in the previous distinction of productive potential of new genotypes, without necessarily growing them until the end of the biological cycle. The objective of this work was to detect the ripeness of sugarcane by means of morphological, physiological, enzymatic and nutritional changes in two sugarcane varieties. The experiment was carried out at the Barra Plant - Raízen Group, evaluations between March and July 2015 and the varieties used were RB855156 (early) and RB92579 (late). The height of plants, length, diameter and number of stalks, length and number of internodes, number of green leaves, length and width of leaf +3, leaf area and leaf area index, fresh and dry matter mass of leaves and stems, SPAD index, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, NDVI, Brix% broth, purity, Pol%, ATR, ART, fiber content, AR, U% and PBU, SPS activity, SuSy and acid and leaf, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S and B. To monitor and discriminate the ripeness period between the two varieties, the data of the technological analyzes were submitted to the test of "T" (Student test, p <0.05) between the varieties and within the study periods. In order to determine which variables were associated with the maturation of the varieties, the Pearson correlation was performed between the morphological, physiological, enzymatic, nutritional variables and the technological variables, for each variety. The maturation of the variety RB855156 was detected through the morphological variables leaf width +3, leaf area, leaf area index, number of internodes, physiological index SPAD, chlorophyll a, b, a + b content, carotenoids and enzymatic activity of SuSy in the sense breaks. The variety RB92579 until the last evaluation, according to the Brix and purity of the broth, had not started the maturation process. However, when comparing the physiological, morphological and enzymatic variables with the technological attributes, it is noticed that the variables that were selected by the correlation analysis were the same of the variety RB855156, except for the SPAD index and leaf width + 3. As The number of internodes, stalk diameter, leaf insertion height +1, leaf length +3, SPAD index and number of green leaves can be used to estimate, by means of multiple regressions, the technological characteristics Brix% broth, purity, Moisture, ART, PCC and ATR during maturation of the studied varieties.
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Palavras-chave
Saccharum spp., Parâmetros tecnológicos, Brix, Clorofila, Technological parameters, Chlorophyll