Um estudo de produções científicas: ingresso e permanência de universitários com deficiência
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Data
2016-12-08
Autores
Urban, Ana Lidia Penteado [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inclusão de pessoas com deficiência no ensino superior tem aumentado significativamente e essa realidade é recente. Os documentos legais têm apontado para o acesso e as adaptações durante o processo de ingresso nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) e ações que visem à acessibilidade e permanência desses alunos. Visando conhecer como os alunos com deficiência, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento e altas habilidades/superdotação encontram suporte nessas instituições, a presente pesquisa busca analisar o acesso e a permanência no ensino superior de pessoas com deficiência, a partir de teses e dissertações defendidas nas universidades brasileiras, sob a perspectiva dos próprios alunos. Esta é uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho quantitativo e qualitativo, tendo como objeto de estudo 20 produções científicas, entre elas 15 dissertações e 5 teses. Buscando conhecer um panorama geral da educação superior no Brasil, os microdados do censo de 2014 foram abordados e mostraram que 0,4% dos alunos da educação superior são alunos público-alvo da educação especial, estando 63% em IES privadas, 36% em IES públicas e 1% em especiais. As teses e dissertações estudadas apresentaram o perfil dos alunos presentes nesses estudos: alunos com deficiência visual, auditiva/surdez, física e intelectual; os cursos de graduação em diversas áreas do conhecimento, destacando-se o curso de pedagogia em grande parte dos estudos, e as instituições frequentadas, que são públicas e privadas. As adaptações de acesso realizadas durante o vestibular apontaram que grande parte das IES adequam esse instrumento às necessidades dos alunos. As ações de permanência e acessibilidade foram realizadas por Instituições de Ensino Superior, Núcleos de acessibilidade, coordenação de curso e por professores que propiciaram ações que atenderam às necessidades dos educandos, buscando promover condições de permanência, assim como mencionado por documentos oficiais. Além disso, foram apresentadas as barreiras, arquitetônicas, pedagógicas, comunicacionais e atitudinais, encontradas nas IES. Diante disso, pode-se observar que os alunos com deficiência estão nas IES e necessitam de apoio durante o acesso e a permanência. As ações têm sido realizadas pelas diferentes esferas das IES, porém esses alunos ainda têm encontrado barreiras para sua efetiva permanência.
The inclusion of people with disabilities in higher education institution has increased significantly and this reality is recent. Official data was pointed to access and adaptations during the process of joining the Higher Education Institution (HEI) and actions to ensure at the accessibility and permanence of these students. Aiming to know how students with disabilities, global development disorders and highly talented children find support in these institutions, this research wanna analyze the access and permanence in graduate education of people with disabilities -based on theses and dissertations defended in Brazilian universities- from the perspective of the students themselves. This is a quantitative and qualitative bibliographical research, having as object of study 20 scientific productions, among them 15 dissertations and 5 theses. In order to get a general overview of higher education in Brazil, the microdata of the 2014 census were approached and showed that 0.4% of students in higher education are main-target students of special education, 63% in private HEIs, 36% in Public HEIs and 1% in special. The theses and dissertations studied presented the profile of the students approached in these studies: students with visual, hearing/deaf, physical and intellectual disabilities; the undergraduate courses in several areas of knowledge -mainly the pedagogy course in most of the studies- and the institutions attended, which are public and private. The access adaptations carried out during the University Entrance Test indicated that a large part of HEIs adapted this instrument to the students' needs. The actions of permanence and accessibility were carried out by Higher Education Institutions, Accessibility Centers, undergraduate course coordination and teachers who provided actions that met the needs of students, aiming to promote conditions of permanence, as mentioned by official documents. By the way, the architectural, pedagogical, communicational and attitudinal barriers found in HEIs were presented. Aware of this, it can be observed that students with disabilities are in HEI and need support during access and permanence. The actions have been carried out by different HEI scopes, but these students have still found barriers to their effective permanence.
The inclusion of people with disabilities in higher education institution has increased significantly and this reality is recent. Official data was pointed to access and adaptations during the process of joining the Higher Education Institution (HEI) and actions to ensure at the accessibility and permanence of these students. Aiming to know how students with disabilities, global development disorders and highly talented children find support in these institutions, this research wanna analyze the access and permanence in graduate education of people with disabilities -based on theses and dissertations defended in Brazilian universities- from the perspective of the students themselves. This is a quantitative and qualitative bibliographical research, having as object of study 20 scientific productions, among them 15 dissertations and 5 theses. In order to get a general overview of higher education in Brazil, the microdata of the 2014 census were approached and showed that 0.4% of students in higher education are main-target students of special education, 63% in private HEIs, 36% in Public HEIs and 1% in special. The theses and dissertations studied presented the profile of the students approached in these studies: students with visual, hearing/deaf, physical and intellectual disabilities; the undergraduate courses in several areas of knowledge -mainly the pedagogy course in most of the studies- and the institutions attended, which are public and private. The access adaptations carried out during the University Entrance Test indicated that a large part of HEIs adapted this instrument to the students' needs. The actions of permanence and accessibility were carried out by Higher Education Institutions, Accessibility Centers, undergraduate course coordination and teachers who provided actions that met the needs of students, aiming to promote conditions of permanence, as mentioned by official documents. By the way, the architectural, pedagogical, communicational and attitudinal barriers found in HEIs were presented. Aware of this, it can be observed that students with disabilities are in HEI and need support during access and permanence. The actions have been carried out by different HEI scopes, but these students have still found barriers to their effective permanence.
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Palavras-chave
Pessoa com deficiência, Inclusão, Instituições de ensino superior, Person with a disability, Inclusion, Higher education institutions