Avaliação de índice de sustentabilidade socioambiental: instrumento para licenciamento de hidrelétrica de pequeno porte
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Data
2017-01-11
Autores
Mello, Roxane Lopes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O acesso à energia elétrica é requisito básico de cidadania e de desenvolvimento econômico e, no Brasil, a principal fonte de geração de energia são as hidrelétricas. Entende-se que a geração de energia hidrelétrica através de centrais geradoras de pequeno porte é sustentável, porém, para averiguar essa sustentabilidade se faz necessário avaliar as situações de vulnerabilidade socioambiental na área de influência do empreendimento. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as áreas em situação de vulnerabilidade socioambiental na área de influência de uma central geradora de pequeno porte hipotética na bacia hidrográfica do rio do Chapéu, localizada no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, Estado de São Paulo como área de estudo de caso para compreensão das inter-relações das vulnerabilidades socioambientais. A metodologia empregada utilizou ferramentas de análise espacial de dados ambientais e sociais da área de estudo e aborda uma análise multicriterial baseada na classificação contínua e na técnica de comparação pareada AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), incorporados ao SIG completo denominado SPRING v. 4.3.3 (Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas), para a obtenção do mapa de Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental – IVSA. Concluiu-se que há fortes coincidências entre os espaços susceptíveis a processos de vulnerabilidade físico-ambiental e os espaços que apresentam os piores indicadores sociais, que são agravados por um fator antrópico, o uso do solo. Os resultados deste trabalho expressam o ponto de partida para análises mais aprofundadas da vulnerabilidade socioambiental da área de influência de centrais geradoras de pequeno porte sendo necessário o planejamento de ações mitigadoras, dessa vulnerabilidade, em busca de alcançar a sustentabilidade do empreendimento.
The access to electricity is a basic requirement of citizenship and economic development, and in Brazil, the main source of energy is from hydroelectric stations. It is understood that the hydroelectric energy generation through small-scale power is sustainable, however, to verify this sustainability it is necessary to assess the socio-environmental vulnerability situations in the influence area of the enterprise. The main objective of this work was to analyze the socioenvironmental vulnerability in the influence area of a hypothetical small power generating station in the hydrographic water parting of the Chapéu river, located in the city of São Luiz do Paraitinga, State of São Paulo, as an area of a study case to understand the interrelationships of socio-environmental vulnerabilities. The methodology used spatial analysis tools of environmental and social data of the study area and addresses a based multicriteria analysis on continuous classification, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and the paired comparison technique, incorporated into the complete GIS called SPRING v. 4.3.3 (Georeferenced Information Processing System), to obtain the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index Map – IVSA. It was concluded that there are strong coincidences between the susceptible spaces to processes of physical-environmental vulnerability and spaces that present the worst social indicators, which are aggravated by an anthropic factor, the ground use. The results of this work express the starting point for deep analyzes of the socio - environmental vulnerability at the influence area of small - scale generating stations, being necessary the planning of mitigating actions of this vulnerability, in sense of achieving the enterprise’s sustainability.
The access to electricity is a basic requirement of citizenship and economic development, and in Brazil, the main source of energy is from hydroelectric stations. It is understood that the hydroelectric energy generation through small-scale power is sustainable, however, to verify this sustainability it is necessary to assess the socio-environmental vulnerability situations in the influence area of the enterprise. The main objective of this work was to analyze the socioenvironmental vulnerability in the influence area of a hypothetical small power generating station in the hydrographic water parting of the Chapéu river, located in the city of São Luiz do Paraitinga, State of São Paulo, as an area of a study case to understand the interrelationships of socio-environmental vulnerabilities. The methodology used spatial analysis tools of environmental and social data of the study area and addresses a based multicriteria analysis on continuous classification, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and the paired comparison technique, incorporated into the complete GIS called SPRING v. 4.3.3 (Georeferenced Information Processing System), to obtain the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index Map – IVSA. It was concluded that there are strong coincidences between the susceptible spaces to processes of physical-environmental vulnerability and spaces that present the worst social indicators, which are aggravated by an anthropic factor, the ground use. The results of this work express the starting point for deep analyzes of the socio - environmental vulnerability at the influence area of small - scale generating stations, being necessary the planning of mitigating actions of this vulnerability, in sense of achieving the enterprise’s sustainability.
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Palavras-chave
Usinas hidrelétricas, Sustentabilidade, Recursos hídricos - Desenvolvimento, Hydroelectric power stations, Sustainability, Water resources, Development