A biomassa Capsicum spp. como fonte de bioenergia e adsorção de metais
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2017-02-23
Autores
Maia, Amanda Alves Domingos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil se encontra entre os países de maior produção agrícola do mundo. Diante desse fato, o país tem se tornado alvo de pesquisadores no que diz respeito à reutilização de resíduos provenientes de atividades agroindustriais. Esses resíduos são considerados biomassas com grande potencial para a produção de uma energia limpa, bem como, biocombustíveis que podem ser utilizados sem agredir o meio ambiente. Além disso, essas biomassas também podem ser utilizadas em tratamento de águas e efluentes, agindo como adsorvedores de poluentes que não são, necessariamente, removidos por meio do tratamento convencional. Diante disso, o estudo dessas biomassas tem sido de extrema importância para o país, visando descobrir o potencial de biomassas alternativas que são capazes de promover o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. O trabalho objetivou o estudo da biomassa Capsicum spp., visando a obtenção de um produto rentável e ambientalmente favorável. A biomassa e o resíduo sólido da pirólise foram submetidos a diversos testes de caracterização e identificação analítica, como análise elementar, análise imediata, rendimento gravimétrico (RG), análise térmica (AT), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), difração de Raios-X (DRX), poder calorífico superior (PCS) e inferior (PCI) e testes de adsorção. As análises térmicas mostraram que a decomposição da biomassa e seus biocarvões variaram entre 150°C e 500°C, as etapas de desidratação atingiram no máximo os 150°C. Em torno de 600°C houve a formação de carbonatos e 800°C a formação de óxidos. As análises de DRX mostraram que as fases cristalinas das amostras estão em menores quantidades e foram identificados alguns elementos como, carbono, oxigênio, ferro, alumínio, óxidos, carbonatos e outros. Os espectros de infravermelho mostraram ligações químicas como, hidroxilas (-OH), lignina, cetona (-C = O), hemicelulose, C = O, CO, COC e anéis aromáticos. A microscopia de varredura mostrou a porosidade da amostra, que variou de acordo com a temperatura de pirólise e permitiu observar sua estrutura densa e seus poros heterogêneos. O EDS identificou elementos como Potássio, Silício, Magnésio, Fósforo, Enxofre, Alumínio, Cálcio e Sódio em todas as amostras. Ensaios de adsorção mostraram que houve uma reação química de pseudo-segunda ordem e que o modelo de Langmuir foi o mais adequado. A biomassa revelou-se possível fonte de bioenergia, com apreciável potencial econômico. O processo de pirólise em forno mufla demostrou ser capaz de produzir biocarvão de qualidade. Tanto a biomassa, como o biocarvão se mostraram eficientes para uso como adsorvente de metais potencialmente tóxicos.
Brazil is among the countries with the highest agricultural production in the world and the country has become the target of researchers with regard to the reuse of waste from agroindustrial activities. These wastes are also called biomass with great potential for bioenergy production, as well as biofuels that can be used without harming the environment. In addition, such biomass can also be used in water and effluent treatment, acting as adsorbents for pollutants which are not necessarily removed by conventional treatment. Therefore, the study of these biomass has been extremely important for the country, aiming to discover the potential of alternative biomass that are capable of promoting the development of new technologies. The study aimed to study the biomass Capsicum spp., in order to obtain a profitable and environmentally favorable product. The biomass and the solid residue of the pyrolysis were subjected to several tests of characterization and analytical identification, such as ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, gravimetric yield and gravimetric yield factor, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Higher Heating Values (HHV), Lower Heating Values (LHV) and adsorption tests. Thermal analyzes showed that biomass and biochar decomposition varied between 150 ° C and 500 ° C, the dehydration stages reached a maximum of 150 ° C. At about 600 ° C there was the formation of carbonates and 800 ° C the formation of oxides. XRD analyzes showed that the crystalline phases of the samples are smaller and some elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron, aluminum, oxides, carbonates and others have been identified. FTIR showed chemical bonds such as hydroxyls (-OH), lignin, ketone (-C = O), hemicellulose, C=O, CO, COC and aromatic rings. SEM analyzes showed the sample porosity, which varied according to the pyrolysis temperature and allowed to observe its dense structure and its heterogeneous pores. The EDS identified elements as Potassium, Silicon, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Aluminum, Calcium and Sodium in all samples. Adsorption tests showed that there was a chemical reaction of pseudo-second order and Langmuir model was the most adequate. Biomass proved to be a possible source of bioenergy, with significant economic potential. The muffle furnace pyrolysis process has been shown to be capable of quality biochar production. Both biomass and biochar seems to be efficient at heavy metals removal.
Brazil is among the countries with the highest agricultural production in the world and the country has become the target of researchers with regard to the reuse of waste from agroindustrial activities. These wastes are also called biomass with great potential for bioenergy production, as well as biofuels that can be used without harming the environment. In addition, such biomass can also be used in water and effluent treatment, acting as adsorbents for pollutants which are not necessarily removed by conventional treatment. Therefore, the study of these biomass has been extremely important for the country, aiming to discover the potential of alternative biomass that are capable of promoting the development of new technologies. The study aimed to study the biomass Capsicum spp., in order to obtain a profitable and environmentally favorable product. The biomass and the solid residue of the pyrolysis were subjected to several tests of characterization and analytical identification, such as ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, gravimetric yield and gravimetric yield factor, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Higher Heating Values (HHV), Lower Heating Values (LHV) and adsorption tests. Thermal analyzes showed that biomass and biochar decomposition varied between 150 ° C and 500 ° C, the dehydration stages reached a maximum of 150 ° C. At about 600 ° C there was the formation of carbonates and 800 ° C the formation of oxides. XRD analyzes showed that the crystalline phases of the samples are smaller and some elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron, aluminum, oxides, carbonates and others have been identified. FTIR showed chemical bonds such as hydroxyls (-OH), lignin, ketone (-C = O), hemicellulose, C=O, CO, COC and aromatic rings. SEM analyzes showed the sample porosity, which varied according to the pyrolysis temperature and allowed to observe its dense structure and its heterogeneous pores. The EDS identified elements as Potassium, Silicon, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Aluminum, Calcium and Sodium in all samples. Adsorption tests showed that there was a chemical reaction of pseudo-second order and Langmuir model was the most adequate. Biomass proved to be a possible source of bioenergy, with significant economic potential. The muffle furnace pyrolysis process has been shown to be capable of quality biochar production. Both biomass and biochar seems to be efficient at heavy metals removal.
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Palavras-chave
Capsicum, Biomassa, Biocarvão, Bioenergia, Adsorção