Estudo da usinagem dos compósitos plástico madeira e madeira plástica
Data
2017-03-02
Autores
David Müzel, Sarah [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O compósito plástico madeira e a madeira plástica são materiais utilizados em diversos setores como automotivo, movelaria e principalmente na construção civil. Eles se tornaram tendência em construções ecológicas, sendo adequado para a construção de pisos, decks, brises, escadas, esquadrias, píeres e cercas. Tanto a produção da madeira plástica quanto do plástico madeira, em geral, é realizada via extrusão de perfis pré-definidos, porém, através da usinagem seria possível a produção de peças mais complexas em termos geométricos, dimensionais e superficiais, bem como, ampliar a utilização desses materiais na construção civil e na movelaria. Sendo assim, a presente proposta teve por objetivo o estudo da usinagem destes materiais. Para o estudo da usinagem da madeira plástica e do plástico madeira, foram realizados os processos de furação e de fresamento, nas modalidades tangencial e frontal, utilizando o método de Taguchi, tendo como fatores estudados as velocidades de corte e de avanço, o sentido de corte (concordante e discordante), a profundidade de corte e o tipo de material. As variáveis de saída analisadas foram o consumo de potência, a vibração média, o aquecimento das peças, a rugosidade, o desvio dimensional dos furos, a topografia das superfícies usinadas, o desgaste das ferramentas e os tipos e formas de cavacos gerados. Após os dados serem coletados foi realizada uma análise de variância (ANOVA) com nível de significância de 5%, para testar a existência de diferenças significativas entre as médias. Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os materiais estudados apresentaram boa usinagem mediante os processos de fresamento e furação. Em geral o fresamento frontal apresentou melhor acabamento superficial e o tangencial menor consumo de potência, vibração e aquecimento das peças. Os furos realizados sofreram dilatação e ficaram menores que o esperado. Os cavacos gerados foram os mais diversos e nem sempre classificados pela ISO 3685:1993. As ferramentas de corte sofreram desgastes de flanco e a avaria do tipo lascamento. As velocidades de corte e de avanço e a profundidade de corte não apresentaram semelhança entre os entre itens analisados.
The wood plastic composite and the plastic lumber are materials used in the serveral sectors like automotive, furnitiures and mainly in the construction. They have become a tendency in ecological constructions, being appropried for floors, decks, strairs, frames, piers and fances. Both the production of the plastic lumber and the wood plastic composite, in general, is carried out by extrusion of predefined profiles, however, with the machining it would be possible to produce more complex pieces in geometric, dimensional and superficial terms, as well as to extend the use of these materials in construction and furniture. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal was to study the machining of these materials. To the machining study of the plastic lumber and the wood plastic composite, drilling processes and milling, the tangential and front procedures were performed using the Taguchi method, with the factors studied cutting speeds and feed the cutting direction (concordant and discordant ), depth of cut and the type of material and as output variable power consumption, the average vibration, heating the parts, the roughness, the dimensional tolerance of the holes, the topography of the machined surface, wear of tool types and shapes of chips generated. After the data is collected was carried out an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 5% significance level to test the existence of significant differences between the means. The results obtained can be concluded that the materials studied showed good machinability through the milling and drilling processes. In general face milling showed better surface finish and tangential lower power consumption, vibration and heating of the parts. The holes made suffered dilated and were smaller than expected. The chips generated were the most diverse and not always classified by ISO 3685: 1993. The cutting tools suffered flank wear and chipping type failure. The cutting and feed velocities and the depth of cut did not show any similarity between the analyzed items.
The wood plastic composite and the plastic lumber are materials used in the serveral sectors like automotive, furnitiures and mainly in the construction. They have become a tendency in ecological constructions, being appropried for floors, decks, strairs, frames, piers and fances. Both the production of the plastic lumber and the wood plastic composite, in general, is carried out by extrusion of predefined profiles, however, with the machining it would be possible to produce more complex pieces in geometric, dimensional and superficial terms, as well as to extend the use of these materials in construction and furniture. Therefore, the purpose of this proposal was to study the machining of these materials. To the machining study of the plastic lumber and the wood plastic composite, drilling processes and milling, the tangential and front procedures were performed using the Taguchi method, with the factors studied cutting speeds and feed the cutting direction (concordant and discordant ), depth of cut and the type of material and as output variable power consumption, the average vibration, heating the parts, the roughness, the dimensional tolerance of the holes, the topography of the machined surface, wear of tool types and shapes of chips generated. After the data is collected was carried out an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 5% significance level to test the existence of significant differences between the means. The results obtained can be concluded that the materials studied showed good machinability through the milling and drilling processes. In general face milling showed better surface finish and tangential lower power consumption, vibration and heating of the parts. The holes made suffered dilated and were smaller than expected. The chips generated were the most diverse and not always classified by ISO 3685: 1993. The cutting tools suffered flank wear and chipping type failure. The cutting and feed velocities and the depth of cut did not show any similarity between the analyzed items.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Compósito polimérico, Potência, Rugosidade, Vibração, Furação, Fresamento, Polymer composites, Power rating, Roughness, Vibration, Drilling, Milling