O compromisso democrático nos currículos oficiais paulistas: a abordagem do conflito na Proposta da CENP e no currículo 'São Paulo Faz Escola' para biologia
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Data
2017-03-06
Autores
Blóis, Caio César Corrêa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa visa analisar materiais de biologia pertencentes a dois currículos oficiais do Estado de São Paulo: a Proposta da Coordenadoria de Estudos e Normas Pedagógicas (CENP), implementada ao longo da década de 1980, e o “São Paulo Faz Escola”, empreendido desde 2008 na rede pública paulista. O intuito é verificar o compromisso democrático de ambos, já que, apesar de serem empreendidos em contextos diferentes, a pretensão de se formar para a cidadania seria uma característica hegemônica mantida. No entanto, embora a Proposta da CENP tenha essa característica reconhecida, o currículo “São Paulo Faz Escola” estaria sendo visto como um retrocesso enquanto política democratizante. Analisar a produção de discursos em torno da formação democrática dos jovens é de interesse da pesquisa, especialmente em momento no qual mudanças em relação à formação de nível médio estão para ser empreendidas. Como referencial analítico, pautou-se na teorização curricular crítica e na concepção tridimensional do discurso. Na leitura dos materiais, buscou-se compreender a maneira pela qual os currículos oficiais tratam os conflitos, partindo do pressuposto de que os conflitos são essenciais ao regime democrático e, por conseguinte, à formação democrática, cidadã. A abordagem dos conflitos no ensino das áreas científicas tem especial relevância, dado que seriam eles também propulsores de novos conhecimentos. Desse modo, partiu-se da análise da disciplina de biologia para refletir acerca dos sentidos de formação no ensino médio, questionando e complexificando, do ponto de vista disciplinar, o debate acerca da democracia, do currículo e do conflito. Em relação a potencialidade democrática, constatou-se que o currículo “São Paulo Faz Escola” constitui-se num retrocesso diante da redução e esvaziamento dos conflitos em seu discurso, quando comparado à Proposta da CENP. Tais reduções e negações do conflito são lacunas que podem sustentar espaços para ações contra-hegemônicas que visem tornar o currículo escolar mais formativo para a democracia.
In this research, I analyze Biological Science materials that belong to two official curricula of São Paulo state: the proposal of CENP (Coordination of Norms and Pedagogic Studies), which was implemented during the 1980s, and “São Paulo Faz Escola”, undertaken since 2008 in São Paulo public school system. The aim of this study is to verify their democratic commitment, since the pretension of educating for citizenship would be held, although they are undertaken in different contexts, as a hegemonic characteristic. However, in spite of such a characteristic being identified in the proposal of CENP, “São Paulo faz escola” curriculum would be seen as a regression qua democratizing policy. This research also seeks to examine the discourse production concerning the democratic education of young students and considering this period in which changes on High School education are to be implemented. The critical curricular theorizing and the three-dimensional conception of discourse are used as analytical references. Through the reading of those materials, I intend to comprehend the way by which the official curricula deal with these conflicts, from the assumption that the latter ones are essencial to the democratic regime and, consequently, to the democratic and citizen education. Besides, the approach of such conflicts during the teaching in scientific areas is relevant, granted that those would also boost new knowledge. Thus, from the analysis of the Biological Science discipline and through a disciplinary point of view, it is possible to reflect on the senses of High School education, by questioning and studying the debate on democracy, curriculum and that conflict. In relation to the democratic potential, it was verified that the "São Paulo Faz Escola" curriculum constitutes a step backwards in the face of the reduction and emptying of the conflicts in its discourse, when compared to the CENP Proposal. Such reductions and denials of conflict are gaps that can sustain spaces for counter-hegemonic actions that aim to make the school curriculum more formative for democracy.
In this research, I analyze Biological Science materials that belong to two official curricula of São Paulo state: the proposal of CENP (Coordination of Norms and Pedagogic Studies), which was implemented during the 1980s, and “São Paulo Faz Escola”, undertaken since 2008 in São Paulo public school system. The aim of this study is to verify their democratic commitment, since the pretension of educating for citizenship would be held, although they are undertaken in different contexts, as a hegemonic characteristic. However, in spite of such a characteristic being identified in the proposal of CENP, “São Paulo faz escola” curriculum would be seen as a regression qua democratizing policy. This research also seeks to examine the discourse production concerning the democratic education of young students and considering this period in which changes on High School education are to be implemented. The critical curricular theorizing and the three-dimensional conception of discourse are used as analytical references. Through the reading of those materials, I intend to comprehend the way by which the official curricula deal with these conflicts, from the assumption that the latter ones are essencial to the democratic regime and, consequently, to the democratic and citizen education. Besides, the approach of such conflicts during the teaching in scientific areas is relevant, granted that those would also boost new knowledge. Thus, from the analysis of the Biological Science discipline and through a disciplinary point of view, it is possible to reflect on the senses of High School education, by questioning and studying the debate on democracy, curriculum and that conflict. In relation to the democratic potential, it was verified that the "São Paulo Faz Escola" curriculum constitutes a step backwards in the face of the reduction and emptying of the conflicts in its discourse, when compared to the CENP Proposal. Such reductions and denials of conflict are gaps that can sustain spaces for counter-hegemonic actions that aim to make the school curriculum more formative for democracy.
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Palavras-chave
Educação, Proposta da CENP, São Paulo Faz Escola, Currículo de biologia, Democracia-cidadania, Education, Proposal of CENP, Biology curriculum, Democracy-citizenship