Influência da aplicação de agroquímicos de alteração fisiológica no desenvolvimento, produção e pós-colheita da cultura de couve-flor
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Data
2017-02-22
Autores
Monteiro, Gean Charles [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. conhecida popularmente como couve-flor, é uma cultura olerícola de grande importância alimentar, por ser excelente fonte de nutrientes e de renda para a agricultura familiar. A aplicação de fungicidas sistêmicos e de bioestimulantes, com efeitos fisiológicos, podem induzir maior produtividade e elevar qualidade final do produto. Diante do exposto, objetivou com este trabalho avaliar características de produção e de pós-colheita na cultura da couve-flor (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.), em duas cultivares (Flamenco e Verona), após aplicação de agroquímicos (fungicidas e bioestimulante). O estudo foi dividido em duas fases de avaliação: no desenvolvimento da cultura e no armazenamento pós-colheita. O experimento foi realizado em uma propriedade rural, no munícipio de Pardinho – SP e o no Laboratório de Bioquímica Vegetal do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, do Instituto de Biociências, da UNESP, Botucatu – SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes agroquímicos: sem aplicação (T1); Boscalida (T2); Fluxapiroxade + Piraclostrobina (T3); Metiram + Piraclostrobina (T4); Cinetina + Ácido giberélico + Ácido 4-indol-3-ilbutírico (T5) e Metiram + Piraclostrobina + Boscalida (T6). Foram realizadas duas aplicações dos produtos, sendo a primeira aos 18 dias (fase de muda) e a segunda aplicação, no início do florescimento (fase reprodutiva). Na primeira fase do experimento, aos 90 dias após a semeadura, avaliaram-se variáveis relacionadas a troca gasosa: taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2, condutância estomática, concentração interna de CO2, taxa de transpiração, eficiência de carboxilação e eficiência do uso da água, além dos pigmentos clorofila a, clorofila b e carotenoides. Na colheita, aos 106 dias após a semeadura, foram avaliadas a produtividade, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal das inflorescências, altura, número de folhas por planta e massa fresca das folhas. Na segunda fase do experimento (póscolheita), avaliaram-se as caraterísticas físico-químicas (sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, vitamina C e pH) e perda de massa, no momento inicial (dia 0) e em quatro períodos de armazenamento, seguidos por 3 dias de simulação comercial (0 + 3, 3 + 3, 6 + 3 e 9 + 3). Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância (teste F), regressão e teste Tukey a 5% de significância, pelo programa estatístico SISVAR 5.3. A aplicação Fluxapiroxade + Piraclostrobina (T3) promoveu aumento da produtividade na cultura da couve-flor (49,73 t ha-1). O uso de Boscalida induziu aumento da área foliar, número de folhas por planta e massa fresca das folhas. Plantas não tratadas apresentam características inferiores de produção e maior perda de massa. A cultivar Flamenco apresentou menor influência da aplicação dos agroquímicos quando comparada ao híbrido Verona durante a pós-colheita.
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. popularly known as cauliflower, is a crop of great importance for diets, an excellent source of nutrients, and income for family farming. The application of systemic fungicides and biostimulants, with physiological effects, can induce increased productivity and the final quality of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and post-harvest characteristics of two cultivars (Flamenco and Verona) in the culture of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis L.) after application of agrochemicals (fungicides and biostimulant). The study was divided into two stages of evaluation: culture development and post-harvest storage. The experiment was carried out in a rural property, in the Pardinho county – SP, and in the Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu - SP. The treatments were consisted of different agrochemicals: no application (T1); Boscalid (T2); Fluxapiroxade + Piraclostrobin (T3); Metiram + Piraclostrobin (T4); Kinetin + Giberelic Acid + 4-Indol-3- ylbutyric Acid (T5) and Metiram + Pyraclostrobin + Boscalid (T6). Two applications of the products were carried out, the first one at 18th day (seedling phase) and the second application, at the beginning of plant flowering (reproductive phase). In the first phase of the experiment, 90 days after seeding, variables related to gas exchange were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 internal concentration, transpiration rate, carboxylation efficiency and water use efficiency, besides the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. At harvest, on 106th day after seeding, the productivity, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the inflorescences, height, number of leaves per plant, and fresh leaf mass were evaluated. In the second phase of the experiment (post-harvest), were evaluated physical-chemical characteristics (soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and pH) and mass loss at the baseline (day 0) and at four storage periods, followed by 3 days of commercial simulation (0 + 3, 3 + 3, 6 + 3, and 9 + 3). The data were assessed by analysis of variance (test F), regression and Tukey test at 5% of significance, using the software SISVAR 5.3. The Fluxapiroxade + Pyraclostrobin (T3) application increased the productivity of the cauliflower crop (49.73 t ha-1). The use of Boscalid induced high leaf area, number of leaves per plant, and fresh leaf mass. Untreated plants had lower production characteristics and greater mass loss. The cultivar Flamenco showed less influence of agrochemical application than the hybrid Verona during the post-harvest.
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. popularly known as cauliflower, is a crop of great importance for diets, an excellent source of nutrients, and income for family farming. The application of systemic fungicides and biostimulants, with physiological effects, can induce increased productivity and the final quality of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and post-harvest characteristics of two cultivars (Flamenco and Verona) in the culture of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis L.) after application of agrochemicals (fungicides and biostimulant). The study was divided into two stages of evaluation: culture development and post-harvest storage. The experiment was carried out in a rural property, in the Pardinho county – SP, and in the Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu - SP. The treatments were consisted of different agrochemicals: no application (T1); Boscalid (T2); Fluxapiroxade + Piraclostrobin (T3); Metiram + Piraclostrobin (T4); Kinetin + Giberelic Acid + 4-Indol-3- ylbutyric Acid (T5) and Metiram + Pyraclostrobin + Boscalid (T6). Two applications of the products were carried out, the first one at 18th day (seedling phase) and the second application, at the beginning of plant flowering (reproductive phase). In the first phase of the experiment, 90 days after seeding, variables related to gas exchange were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 internal concentration, transpiration rate, carboxylation efficiency and water use efficiency, besides the pigments chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. At harvest, on 106th day after seeding, the productivity, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the inflorescences, height, number of leaves per plant, and fresh leaf mass were evaluated. In the second phase of the experiment (post-harvest), were evaluated physical-chemical characteristics (soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and pH) and mass loss at the baseline (day 0) and at four storage periods, followed by 3 days of commercial simulation (0 + 3, 3 + 3, 6 + 3, and 9 + 3). The data were assessed by analysis of variance (test F), regression and Tukey test at 5% of significance, using the software SISVAR 5.3. The Fluxapiroxade + Pyraclostrobin (T3) application increased the productivity of the cauliflower crop (49.73 t ha-1). The use of Boscalid induced high leaf area, number of leaves per plant, and fresh leaf mass. Untreated plants had lower production characteristics and greater mass loss. The cultivar Flamenco showed less influence of agrochemical application than the hybrid Verona during the post-harvest.
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Palavras-chave
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., Trocas gasosas, Produtividade, Estrobilurina, Boscalida, Bioestimulante, Gas exchange, Productivity, Strobilurin, Boscalid