Microrganismos esporogênicos em produtos submetidos ao tratamento térmico por ultra-alta temperatura: leite de cabra, alimento com soja e bebida de leite de cabra e soja
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Data
2017-04-18
Autores
Anjos, Taís Ramalho dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tratamento térmico por UAT elimina formas vegetativas dos microrganismos, porém, formas esporuladas altamente resistentes ao calor podem permanecer nos produtos e após a germinação dos esporos são capazes de liberar toxinas causadoras de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs). No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de produtos tratados por UAT, por meio da contagem de microrganismos heterotróficos aeróbios mesófilos, isolamento e contagem de bactérias do grupo do Bacillus cereus e de Clostridium perfringens, comparar lotes dos três produtos quanto a tais microrganismos, identificar a espécie dos isolados e a presença dos fatores de virulência de bactérias do grupo do B. cereus. Para isso, foram obtidas 75 amostras, sendo 25 de cada produto (de leite de cabra UAT, alimento com soja UAT e bebida de leite de cabra e soja UAT), de 5 diferentes lotes, no comércio do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados evidenciaram possíveis falhas de processamento e utilização de matéria-prima inadequada, uma vez que altas populações (>104UFC/mL) de microrganismos heterotróficos aeróbios mesófilos foram verificadas em 100% dos lotes de alimento com soja e bebida de leite de cabra e soja e 80% dos lotes de leite de cabra. Microrganismos do grupo do B. cereus foram isolados de 80% dos lotes de alimento com soja, e 60% dos lotes de bebida de leite de cabra e soja e leite de cabra, com populações superiores a 1018 UFC/mL. C. perfringens foi isolado de 20% dos lotes de alimento com soja, com populações superiores a 103 UFC/mL. Na comparação entre os lotes, a data de validade não influenciou nas populações dos microrganismos analisados. Dos isolados de bactérias do grupo do B. cereus, 100% (29/29) apresentaram amplificação para o gene do complexo hbl, 96,5% (28/29) para o gene do complexo nhe e 75,8% (22/29) para o gene bceT. Tais resultados devem servir de alerta às autoridades sanitárias, pois leite de cabra e produtos à base de soja são normalmente consumidos por crianças e alérgicos, e o leite de cabra adicionado de soja apresentou maiores cargas de microrganismos patogênicos potencialmente causadores de intoxicações alimentares.
Heat treatment by UHT (ultra-high temperature) eliminates the vegetative forms of microorganisms, however, sporulated forms highly resistant to heat can remain in the products and following spore germination are capable of releasing toxins that cause foodborne diseases (FD´s). The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of products submitted to UHT, namely goat milk, soy food, and goat and soy milk drinks, by the counting of heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, the isolation and counting of bacteria from the Bacillus cereus groups and Clostridium perfringens, comparing batches of the three products for such microorganisms, to identify the species of the isolated and the presence of the virulence factors of bacteria of the B. cereus group. For this, 75 samples were obtained, 25 of each product (from UAT goat milk, food with UAT soy and drink from goat milk and UAT soy) from 5 different lots, in the interior trade of the State of São Paulo. The results demonstrated possible failures in the processing and use of inadequate raw material since high population (>104 ) of heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were found in 100% of the lots of soy food and goat and soy milk drinks and 80% of the lots of goat milk. Microorganisms from the B. cereus group were isolated from 80% of the lots of soy food and 60% of the lots of goat and soy milk drinks, with population above 1018 . The C. perfringens microorganisms were isolated from 20% of the soy food lots, with population above 103 . In the comparison between the lots, the expiration date did not influence the population of the analyzed microorganisms, therefore, they were conveyed by the raw material used. Of the B. cereus isolated, 100% (29/29) showed amplification for the hbl complex gene, 96,5% (28/29) for the nhe complex gene and 75,8% (22/29) for the bceT gene. These results should serve as a warning to the health authorities because goat milk and soy-based products are generally consumed by children and individuals with allergies and goat milk added to soy was capable of carrying even higher doses of pathogenic microorganisms that may potentially cause food poisoning.
Heat treatment by UHT (ultra-high temperature) eliminates the vegetative forms of microorganisms, however, sporulated forms highly resistant to heat can remain in the products and following spore germination are capable of releasing toxins that cause foodborne diseases (FD´s). The objective of this study is to evaluate the microbiological quality of products submitted to UHT, namely goat milk, soy food, and goat and soy milk drinks, by the counting of heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, the isolation and counting of bacteria from the Bacillus cereus groups and Clostridium perfringens, comparing batches of the three products for such microorganisms, to identify the species of the isolated and the presence of the virulence factors of bacteria of the B. cereus group. For this, 75 samples were obtained, 25 of each product (from UAT goat milk, food with UAT soy and drink from goat milk and UAT soy) from 5 different lots, in the interior trade of the State of São Paulo. The results demonstrated possible failures in the processing and use of inadequate raw material since high population (>104 ) of heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic microorganisms were found in 100% of the lots of soy food and goat and soy milk drinks and 80% of the lots of goat milk. Microorganisms from the B. cereus group were isolated from 80% of the lots of soy food and 60% of the lots of goat and soy milk drinks, with population above 1018 . The C. perfringens microorganisms were isolated from 20% of the soy food lots, with population above 103 . In the comparison between the lots, the expiration date did not influence the population of the analyzed microorganisms, therefore, they were conveyed by the raw material used. Of the B. cereus isolated, 100% (29/29) showed amplification for the hbl complex gene, 96,5% (28/29) for the nhe complex gene and 75,8% (22/29) for the bceT gene. These results should serve as a warning to the health authorities because goat milk and soy-based products are generally consumed by children and individuals with allergies and goat milk added to soy was capable of carrying even higher doses of pathogenic microorganisms that may potentially cause food poisoning.
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Palavras-chave
Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Esporos, Fatores de virulência, Produtos UAT