Levantamento de dados sobre as práticas de melhoramento genético animal aplicadas na ovinocultura de corte
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Data
2017-03-02
Autores
Menezes, Thamilis Jesus de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O agronegócio representa 23% do PIB, sendo extremamente importante para a economia brasileira, pois contribui para o aumento do número de empregos para população. É indiscutível que a utilização das ferramentas de melhoramento genético na ovinocultura de corte é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da atividade no Brasil. Sendo assim, devido à escassez de pesquisas que descreva este panorama, o seguinte estudo se propôs a colaborar realizando um levantamento das práticas de melhoramento genético utilizadas por produtores de diversos estados brasileiros e por técnicos especialistas na ovinocultura de corte no estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa envolveu um levantamento de dados junto a 32 ovinocultores de diversos estados brasileiros e 16 técnicos do estado de São Paulo. Analisando os resultados dos questionários respondidos pelos cabanheiros, destacou-se que, apenas 28,5% (n=8) participam de programas de melhoramento genético, 60% (n=18) realizam monta natural sem controle, 56,7% (n=17) monta controlada, 33,3% (n=10) inseminação artificial convencional (IA), 13,3% (n=4) inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e 6,7% (n=2) fecundação in vitro (FIV). Quando os técnicos foram questionados sobre o perfil das propriedades que prestam assistência, 33,33% disseram que atendem cabanhas, 40% fazendas sem perfil de cabanhas, 26,67% sítios de agricultores familiares assentados e 6,67% fazenda experimental. Dentre todas as propriedades, apenas 19,44% possuem um programa de melhoramento genético. Destacou-se entre dos criadores do estado de São Paulo a raça Sufolk, 60% e Dorper 75%.O levantamento sobre práticas de melhoramento genético utilizadas por criadores e técnicos constatou que, no Brasil pouco se tem aproveitado as ferramentas de melhoramento genético disponíveis, principalmente nos assentamentos rurais, sendo necessário capacitar profissionais para realizarem a escrituração zootécnica, permitindo a geração de novas pesquisas, melhorando assim a produtividade da ovinocultura brasileira.
Agribusiness represents 23% of GDP, being extremely important for the Brazilian economy, as it contributes to the increase in the number of jobs for the population. It is undeniable that the use of genetic improvement tools in cutting sheep is of fundamental importance for the development of the activity in Brazil. Therefore, due to the scarcity of research that describes this scenario, the following study proposed to collaborate by carrying out a survey of breeding practices used by producers in several Brazilian states and by specialists in cutting sheep in the state of São Paulo. The research involved a survey of data from 32 sheep farmers from several Brazilian states and 16 technicians from the state of São Paulo. . It was observed that 60% (n = 18) performed a natural mating without control, 56.7% (n = 17) controlled mating, 33.3% (n = 10) artificial insemination (AI), 13.3% (n = 4) fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) and 6.7% (n = 2) in vitro fertilization (IVF). Only 28.5% (n = 8) participate in breeding programs. Among the specialists in cutting sheep in the state of São Paulo. When the technicians were questioned about the profile of the properties that provide assistance, 33.33% said they answered cabanhas, 40% farms without cabanhas profile, 26.67% Sites of settled family farmers and 6.67% experimental farm. Of all the properties, only 19.44% have a breeding program. The preference of the breeders of the state of São Paulo was the Dorper breed, 60% and Sufolk 75%. The survey on genetic improvement practices used by breeders and technicians found that little use has been made of genetic improvement tools available in Brazil, especially in rural settlements, and it is necessary to train professionals to carry out zootechnical bookkeeping, allowing the generation of new research, Thus improving the productivity of Brazilian sheep.
Agribusiness represents 23% of GDP, being extremely important for the Brazilian economy, as it contributes to the increase in the number of jobs for the population. It is undeniable that the use of genetic improvement tools in cutting sheep is of fundamental importance for the development of the activity in Brazil. Therefore, due to the scarcity of research that describes this scenario, the following study proposed to collaborate by carrying out a survey of breeding practices used by producers in several Brazilian states and by specialists in cutting sheep in the state of São Paulo. The research involved a survey of data from 32 sheep farmers from several Brazilian states and 16 technicians from the state of São Paulo. . It was observed that 60% (n = 18) performed a natural mating without control, 56.7% (n = 17) controlled mating, 33.3% (n = 10) artificial insemination (AI), 13.3% (n = 4) fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) and 6.7% (n = 2) in vitro fertilization (IVF). Only 28.5% (n = 8) participate in breeding programs. Among the specialists in cutting sheep in the state of São Paulo. When the technicians were questioned about the profile of the properties that provide assistance, 33.33% said they answered cabanhas, 40% farms without cabanhas profile, 26.67% Sites of settled family farmers and 6.67% experimental farm. Of all the properties, only 19.44% have a breeding program. The preference of the breeders of the state of São Paulo was the Dorper breed, 60% and Sufolk 75%. The survey on genetic improvement practices used by breeders and technicians found that little use has been made of genetic improvement tools available in Brazil, especially in rural settlements, and it is necessary to train professionals to carry out zootechnical bookkeeping, allowing the generation of new research, Thus improving the productivity of Brazilian sheep.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ovinos, Genética, Questionário