A ajuda externa e a formulação da estratégia internacional dos Estados Unidos a partir do 11 de setembro de 2001
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Data
2017-03-27
Autores
Mateo, Luiza Rodrigues [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A ajuda externa sempre cumpriu importante papel na política internacional dos Estados Unidos. Após os eventos de 11 de setembro em 2001, documentos e discursos oficiais revelam uma percepção estratégica que conecta desenvolvimento e segurança, situando os elementos de governabilidade e geração de oportunidades em prol da contenção dos chamados Estados frágeis. Num contexto de ameaças difusas, o desenvolvimento é elencado, junto com diplomacia e defesa, como ferramenta da política externa estadunidense para enfrentar o perigo advindo de pandemias, crises humanitárias, crime organizado e terrorismo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é entender os propósitos e eixos de atuação dos Estados Unidos que, através do Departamento de Estado, principalmente da USAID, e do Departamento de Defesa, implementam projetos de assistência para o desenvolvimento, socorro a desastres naturais, e reconstrução pós-conflito em dezenas de países ao redor do globo. A complexidade da agenda de ajuda externa estadunidense envolve desde a formulação de diretrizes e luta por recursos junto ao Congresso à execução dos projetos. Através de fontes primárias, a pesquisa pretende analisar a organização institucional e a distribuição dos recursos de ajuda nos primeiros anos do século XXI, a fim de entender a evolução da ajuda externa e sua relação com a grande estratégia do país.
Foreign aid has always been an important resource to United States foreign policy. After the 9/11 events, 2001, official documents and speeches emphasized the strategic vision that connects development and security, by which the promotion of economic opportunities and governance could refrain state fragility. In a context of diffuse security threats, development is pointed along with diplomacy and defense, as foreign policy tools to face the challenges of pandemics, humanitarian rises, organized crime and terrorism. This research objective is to understand the main strategic purposes and operation channels of the American foreign aid policy that through the Department of State, mainly USAID, and the Department of Defense, provide economic and security assistance, disaster and humanitarian relief and post-conflict reconstruction for dozens of countries around the world. The foreign aid agenda is complex and fragmented, since the guidelines formulation until the negotiation for funding in the Congress and the aid project implementation abroad. Working with primary sources, the research seeks to analyze the institutional organization and budgetary distribution of the main foreign aid projects in the 21st century, in order to understand the history of foreign aid and its importance to US foreign policy.
Foreign aid has always been an important resource to United States foreign policy. After the 9/11 events, 2001, official documents and speeches emphasized the strategic vision that connects development and security, by which the promotion of economic opportunities and governance could refrain state fragility. In a context of diffuse security threats, development is pointed along with diplomacy and defense, as foreign policy tools to face the challenges of pandemics, humanitarian rises, organized crime and terrorism. This research objective is to understand the main strategic purposes and operation channels of the American foreign aid policy that through the Department of State, mainly USAID, and the Department of Defense, provide economic and security assistance, disaster and humanitarian relief and post-conflict reconstruction for dozens of countries around the world. The foreign aid agenda is complex and fragmented, since the guidelines formulation until the negotiation for funding in the Congress and the aid project implementation abroad. Working with primary sources, the research seeks to analyze the institutional organization and budgetary distribution of the main foreign aid projects in the 21st century, in order to understand the history of foreign aid and its importance to US foreign policy.
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Palavras-chave
Estados Unidos, Ajuda externa, Desenvolvimento, Segurança