Desenvolvimento de hambúrguer com carne mecanicamente separada de carcaça e de refile de tilápia: caracterização microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial
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Data
2017-04-17
Autores
Costa, Denise Pinheiro Soncini da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A aquicultura está crescendo no mundo e, no Brasil, a tilápia apresenta elevado potencial para comercialização. Para a obtenção do filé de tilápia, resíduos são gerados, como a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de tilápia, que ainda é pouco utilizada para a alimentação humana. Portanto, este trabalho teve a finalidade de desenvolver hambúrguer com carne mecanicamente separada da carcaça e do refile de tilápia, sem uso de aditivos. Os efeitos da lavagem na estabilidade química durante o armazenamento em congelamento, composição química e cor das CMS foram primeiramente investigados. As CMS lavada de carcaça e de refile (com e sem lavagem) apresentaram estabilidade química durante todo o tempo de estocagem avaliado, ao contrário da CMS sem lavagem de carcaça, que esteve imprópria para o consumo humano já no tempo zero, considerando o índice de peróxido. A lavagem aumentou a umidade e diminuiu os teores de cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, ferro e colesterol das CMS, resultando também em mudanças na tonalidade cromática das cores. Em relação ao cálcio, o efeito da lavagem foi divergente, dependendo do tipo da CMS. O perfil de ácidos graxos foi caracterizado por maiores quantidades de ácidos graxos insaturados para todas as CMS, independente da lavagem. Os hambúrgueres foram produzidos exclusivamente com CMS de tilápia adicionada de 1% de condimento e foram analisados quanto à estabilidade microbiológica, composição centesimal, propriedades físicas, perfil sensorial e aceitação sensorial. A estabilidade microbiológica dos hambúrgueres produzidos com as CMS de carcaça de tilápia com lavagem e de refile, com e sem lavagem, estiveram dentro do exigido pela legislação. A composição centesimal e os parâmetros de cor dos hambúrgueres, crus e grelhados, apresentaram comportamento semelhante às respectivas CMS de tilápia. Em relação à dureza, elasticidade e mastigabilidade verificou-se uma diminuição na sequência hambúrguer de CMS de carcaça com lavagem, refile sem lavagem e refile com lavagem. Os hambúrgueres com CMS de refile de tilápia, sem e com lavagem, foram caracterizados pela cor, aroma de peixe, maciez, suculência, coesividade e sabor de peixe, enquanto o hambúrguer com CMS lavada de carcaça de tilápia foi caracterizado pela homogeneidade da superfície. Em relação à aceitação sensorial, os hambúrgueres com CMS de refile de tilápia foram mais aceitos para todos os atributos e aceitação global quando comparados ao hambúrguer com CMS de carcaça de tilápia, sendo que o hambúrguer com CMS de refile de tilápia sem lavagem foi mais aceito em relação ao sabor e de forma global em relação aos demais hambúrgueres. Concluindo, é viável a utilização da CMS de refile de tilápia como matéria-prima na produção de hambúrguer, tanto pela aceitação sensorial quanto pela inovação devido à inexistência de trabalhos na literatura cientifica até o momento. Ainda, apesar da baixa aceitação do hambúrguer com CMS lavada de carcaça, convém destacar que o hambúrguer foi formulado quase que exclusivamente com a CMS. Dessa forma, a formulação de hambúrgueres com menores quantidades de CMS lavada de carcaça, ou adicionados de maior quantidade de condimentos, pode resultar em melhoria na aceitação sensorial e viabilidade de aplicação.
Aquaculture is growing in the world and, in Brazil, tilapia has high potential for commercialization. During the process of obtaining tilapia fillet, waste is generated, such as mechanically recovered meat (MRM), which is still little used for human consumption. Therefore, this work aims to develop hamburger with mechanically recovered meat from carcass and tilapia trimming, without use of additives. The effects of washing on the chemical stability during freezing storage, chemical composition and color were investigated. The MRM from carcass with washing and from trimming, with and without washing exhibited chemical stability during the whole storage time evaluated, unlike MRM from carcass without washing, which was unsuitable for human consumption already at time zero, considering the peroxide index. Washing increased moisture and decreased the contents of ash, protein, lipid, iron and cholesterol of the MRM, also resulting in changes in the chromatic tonality of the colors. Regarding calcium, the washing effect was divergent, depending on the type of MRM. The profile of the fatty acids was characterized by higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids for all MRM, regardless of the washing. The hamburgers were produced exclusively with MRM of tilapia added with 1% of condiment and they were analyzed through microbiological stability, chemical composition, physical properties, sensory profile and sensorial acceptability. The microbiological stability of hamburgers made with MRM from carcass of tilapia with washing and trimming, with and without washing, were within the required by legislation. The chemical composition and color parameters of the hamburgers, raw and grilled, showed similar behavior effects to their respective MRM. Regarding hardness, elasticity and chewiness, there was a decrease in the sequence: hamburger with MRM from carcass with washing, trimming without washing and trimming with washing. The hamburgers with MRM from trimming, without and with washing, were characterized for color, fish aroma, tenderness, succulence, cohesiveness and fish flavor while hamburger with MRM from carcass of tilapia was characterized for surface homogeneity. Regarding the sensory acceptability, the hamburgers with MRM from trimming were more accepted for all attributes and for overall acceptability when compared to the hamburger with MRM from carcass, and the hamburger with MRM from trimming without washing was more accepted in relation to flavor and overall acceptability when compared to the others hamburgers. In conclusion, it is feasible to use MRM from trimming of tilapia as raw material in the production of hamburgers, as much for the sensory acceptability as for the innovation due to the absence of works in the scientific literature until the moment. Still, despite the low acceptability of the hamburgers with MRM from washed carcass, it should be noted that the hamburger was formulated almost exclusively with MRM. In this way, the formulation of hamburgers with smaller amounts of MRM from washed carcass, or added of more condiments, may result in improved sensory acceptability and viability of application.
Aquaculture is growing in the world and, in Brazil, tilapia has high potential for commercialization. During the process of obtaining tilapia fillet, waste is generated, such as mechanically recovered meat (MRM), which is still little used for human consumption. Therefore, this work aims to develop hamburger with mechanically recovered meat from carcass and tilapia trimming, without use of additives. The effects of washing on the chemical stability during freezing storage, chemical composition and color were investigated. The MRM from carcass with washing and from trimming, with and without washing exhibited chemical stability during the whole storage time evaluated, unlike MRM from carcass without washing, which was unsuitable for human consumption already at time zero, considering the peroxide index. Washing increased moisture and decreased the contents of ash, protein, lipid, iron and cholesterol of the MRM, also resulting in changes in the chromatic tonality of the colors. Regarding calcium, the washing effect was divergent, depending on the type of MRM. The profile of the fatty acids was characterized by higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids for all MRM, regardless of the washing. The hamburgers were produced exclusively with MRM of tilapia added with 1% of condiment and they were analyzed through microbiological stability, chemical composition, physical properties, sensory profile and sensorial acceptability. The microbiological stability of hamburgers made with MRM from carcass of tilapia with washing and trimming, with and without washing, were within the required by legislation. The chemical composition and color parameters of the hamburgers, raw and grilled, showed similar behavior effects to their respective MRM. Regarding hardness, elasticity and chewiness, there was a decrease in the sequence: hamburger with MRM from carcass with washing, trimming without washing and trimming with washing. The hamburgers with MRM from trimming, without and with washing, were characterized for color, fish aroma, tenderness, succulence, cohesiveness and fish flavor while hamburger with MRM from carcass of tilapia was characterized for surface homogeneity. Regarding the sensory acceptability, the hamburgers with MRM from trimming were more accepted for all attributes and for overall acceptability when compared to the hamburger with MRM from carcass, and the hamburger with MRM from trimming without washing was more accepted in relation to flavor and overall acceptability when compared to the others hamburgers. In conclusion, it is feasible to use MRM from trimming of tilapia as raw material in the production of hamburgers, as much for the sensory acceptability as for the innovation due to the absence of works in the scientific literature until the moment. Still, despite the low acceptability of the hamburgers with MRM from washed carcass, it should be noted that the hamburger was formulated almost exclusively with MRM. In this way, the formulation of hamburgers with smaller amounts of MRM from washed carcass, or added of more condiments, may result in improved sensory acceptability and viability of application.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tilápia., Carne mecanicamente separada, Hambúrguer, Estabilidade química, Composição química, Propriedades físicas, Perfil sensorial, Aceitação sensorial