Dispersões sólidas de cloridrato de verapamil em matriz poliuretânica para aplicação em sistema de liberação controlada: caracterização estrutural e aplicação do método PDF
Carregando...
Data
2017-03-23
Autores
Bezzon, Vinicius Danilo Nonato [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Medicamentos de liberação controlada (MLC) vêm ganhando destaque no mercado farmacêutico nacional e internacional pelos seus mais diversos benefícios, principalmente por manter a atividade do princípio ativo (PA) no organismo em uma faixa constante de eficiência. Dentre os sistemas MLC estão as dispersões sólidas amorfas (DSA), que possuem como componentes o fármaco e a matriz polimérica. Devido à complexidade da estrutura de liberação destas dispersões, são necessárias técnicas e metodologias analíticas mais sofisticadas para o controle e qualidade da formulação final. A técnica de espalhamento total de raios X (ETRX) e o método Pair Distribution Function (PDF) vêm sendo utilizados no estudo de materiais com estrutura com ordem de curto e intermediário alcance, incluindo fármacos amorfos e nanocristalinos, além de dispersões sólidas fármaco/polímero, sendo possível fazer a distinção entre as fases a nível intra e intermoleculares, o que representa as potencialidades do ETRX e o PDF para a caracterização estrutural de materiais. Nesse contexto, desenvolveu-se a análise estrutural das DSA's do cloridrato de Verapamil e resina poliuretânica derivada do óleo de mamona por meio das técnicas RMN, FTIR e difração de raios X convencional. Por meio dessas análises criou-se o embasamento necessário para aplicar o ETRX e método PDF e avaliar as potencialidades no estudo de sistemas complexos, como os que foram objetos de análise neste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que fármaco e resina são miscíveis, e assim, formam sistemas de dispersão molecular, nos quais as moléculas do fármaco estão dispersas homogeneamente nas cadeias poliméricas da poliuretana. Devido às fortes interações entre os componentes por meio de ligações de hidrogênio, o PA é mantido amorfo na matriz. No entanto, o acréscimo da quantidade de fármaco resulta no aumento das distâncias entre os átomos nas ligações de hidrogênio, o que facilita sua difusão através da resina, promovendo assim o aumento da liberação do fármaco no processo de liberação controlada.
Controlled-Release Drugs (CRD) have increasingly been chased by the national and international pharmaceutical market because their different benefits, mostly by it can keep the activity of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in the body in a continuous range of efficiency. Among others, CRD systems are the amorphous solid state dispersions, which have API and polymer matrix as components of the systems. Due to complexity of the release structure of these dispersions, sophisticated analytical techniques and methodologies are required for the control and quality of the final formulation. The X-ray total scattering technique (XRTS) and the Pair Distribution Function (PDF) method have been used to study materials with short- and intermediaterange order structure, including amorphous and nanocrystalline drugs, as well as drug/polymer solid dispersions, making it possible to discriminate between phases at intra and intermolecular levels, which represents the potentialities of the XRTS and the PDF for the structural characterization of materials. In this context, the present work has developed the structural analysis of the amorphous solid dispersions of Verapamil Hydrochloride and polyurethane resin derived from castor oil using NMR, infrared spectroscopy and conventional X-ray diffraction techniques. Through this initial analysis, it was possible to create the necessary basis for the application of XRTS and PDF method and evaluate its potential to study complex systems, such as those objects of analysis. Overall, the results showed that drug and resin are miscible, and thus the systems represent molecular dispersions in which the API molecules are homogeneously dispersed in the polyurethane polymer chains. Due to the strong interactions between the components through hydrogen bonds, the API is kept amorphous in the matrix. However, to increase the proportion of the API increases the distances between the atomic species in the hydrogen bonds, which facilitates their diffusion through the resin, hence promoting the growth of the API release in the controlled release process.
Controlled-Release Drugs (CRD) have increasingly been chased by the national and international pharmaceutical market because their different benefits, mostly by it can keep the activity of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in the body in a continuous range of efficiency. Among others, CRD systems are the amorphous solid state dispersions, which have API and polymer matrix as components of the systems. Due to complexity of the release structure of these dispersions, sophisticated analytical techniques and methodologies are required for the control and quality of the final formulation. The X-ray total scattering technique (XRTS) and the Pair Distribution Function (PDF) method have been used to study materials with short- and intermediaterange order structure, including amorphous and nanocrystalline drugs, as well as drug/polymer solid dispersions, making it possible to discriminate between phases at intra and intermolecular levels, which represents the potentialities of the XRTS and the PDF for the structural characterization of materials. In this context, the present work has developed the structural analysis of the amorphous solid dispersions of Verapamil Hydrochloride and polyurethane resin derived from castor oil using NMR, infrared spectroscopy and conventional X-ray diffraction techniques. Through this initial analysis, it was possible to create the necessary basis for the application of XRTS and PDF method and evaluate its potential to study complex systems, such as those objects of analysis. Overall, the results showed that drug and resin are miscible, and thus the systems represent molecular dispersions in which the API molecules are homogeneously dispersed in the polyurethane polymer chains. Due to the strong interactions between the components through hydrogen bonds, the API is kept amorphous in the matrix. However, to increase the proportion of the API increases the distances between the atomic species in the hydrogen bonds, which facilitates their diffusion through the resin, hence promoting the growth of the API release in the controlled release process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dispersões sólidas amorfas, Sistemas de liberação controlada, Matriz poliuretânica, Cloridrato de Verapamil, Difração de raios X por policristais, Método PDF