Parâmetros ultrassonográficos do movimento da língua em 14 fonemas consonantais do Português Brasileiro
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2017-04-28
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi propor parâmetros ultrassonográficos quantitativos que pudessem apreender diferenças de modo e ponto de articulação entre os 14 fonemas linguais do Português Brasileiro (doravante PB), buscando estimar valores de referência e um padrão de variabilidade quanto ao contorno de superfície de língua na produção de fala típica. Métodos: Foram selecionados 20 sujeitos com produção típica de fala, de 20-30 anos, de ambos os gêneros. Os estímulos selecionados contemplaram os 14 fonemas consonantais linguais do PB no contexto da vogal /a/. Os dados foram coletados e analisados com o uso do ultrassom e dos softwares AAA (Articulate Assistant Advanced) e Ultra- CATS (The Ultrasonographic Contour Analyzer for Tongue Surfaces). Para análise dos dados, um índice ultrassonográfico (US) foi selecionado da literatura já existente: índice de anterioridade (IA), enquanto outros dois foram desenvolvidos no presente estudo: média global (MG) e índice de anterioridade normalizado (IAN). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: A ANOVA mostrou efeito significante para os índices IAN e MG, sendo que o IAN diferenciou os fonemas quanto ao ponto (alveolar, pré-palatal, palatal e velar) e modo de articulação (fricativa, nasal e oclusiva), enquanto o MG diferenciou os fonemas somente quanto ao ponto de articulação (alveolar, pré-palatal e velar). Conclusão: Não houve um único índice US que pudesse diferenciar todos os pontos e modos de articulação simultaneamente. A aplicação clínica para análise das alterações da produção da fala requer o uso de pelo menos dois índices ultrassonográficos: um para distinguir o ponto e outro para distinguir o modo de articulação. Por fim, tendo por princípio que os fonemas consonantais apresentam variabilidade fonêmica e que exigem a produção concomitante e coordenada de diferentes gestos articulatórios, incluindo o movimento do véu palatino, direcionando o fluxo de ar no trato vocal, novas medidas em plano coronal da língua poderiam oferecer subsídio para complementar a caracterização ultrassonográfica dos fonemas nasais e líquidos.
Objective: The aim of this study was to propose quantitative ultrasonographic parameters that could detect differences in the manner and place of articulation among the 14 Brazilian Portuguese phonemes (hereinafter BP), seeking to estimate reference values and a pattern of variability regarding the surface contour of the tongue in typical speech production. Methods: We selected 20 subjects with typical speech production, aged between 20-30 years, of both genders. The selected stimuli include the 14 lingual consonant BP phonemes in the intervocalic context of [a]. Data were collected and analyzed with the use of ultrasound and the AAA (Articulate Assistant Advanced) and the Ultra-CATS (The Ultrasonographic Contour Analyzer for Tongue Surfaces) softwares. For the analysis of the data, an ultrasonographic index (UI) was selected from the existing literature: the index of anteriority (IA), while two others were developed in the present study: the global average (GA) and the index of normalized anteriority (INA). The data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: ANOVA showed a significant effect on the indexes INA and GA, and the INA index differentiated phonemes as the place (alveolar, pre-palatal, palatal and velar) and manner of articulation (fricative, nasal and occlusive); GA differentiate phonemes only as the place of articulation (alveolar, pre-palatal and velar). Conclusion: There was no UI index that could differentiate all places and manners of articulation simultaneously. The clinical application for analysis of speech production disorders require the use of at least two ultrasound indexes: one to distinguish the place and another to distinguish the manner of articulation. Finally, considering that consonant phonemes present phonemic variability and require the concomitant and coordinated production of different articulatory gestures, including the movement of the palatine veil directing the airflow in the vocal tract, new measures in the coronal plane of the tongue could offer support to complement the ultrasound characterization of nasal and liquid phonemes.
Objective: The aim of this study was to propose quantitative ultrasonographic parameters that could detect differences in the manner and place of articulation among the 14 Brazilian Portuguese phonemes (hereinafter BP), seeking to estimate reference values and a pattern of variability regarding the surface contour of the tongue in typical speech production. Methods: We selected 20 subjects with typical speech production, aged between 20-30 years, of both genders. The selected stimuli include the 14 lingual consonant BP phonemes in the intervocalic context of [a]. Data were collected and analyzed with the use of ultrasound and the AAA (Articulate Assistant Advanced) and the Ultra-CATS (The Ultrasonographic Contour Analyzer for Tongue Surfaces) softwares. For the analysis of the data, an ultrasonographic index (UI) was selected from the existing literature: the index of anteriority (IA), while two others were developed in the present study: the global average (GA) and the index of normalized anteriority (INA). The data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: ANOVA showed a significant effect on the indexes INA and GA, and the INA index differentiated phonemes as the place (alveolar, pre-palatal, palatal and velar) and manner of articulation (fricative, nasal and occlusive); GA differentiate phonemes only as the place of articulation (alveolar, pre-palatal and velar). Conclusion: There was no UI index that could differentiate all places and manners of articulation simultaneously. The clinical application for analysis of speech production disorders require the use of at least two ultrasound indexes: one to distinguish the place and another to distinguish the manner of articulation. Finally, considering that consonant phonemes present phonemic variability and require the concomitant and coordinated production of different articulatory gestures, including the movement of the palatine veil directing the airflow in the vocal tract, new measures in the coronal plane of the tongue could offer support to complement the ultrasound characterization of nasal and liquid phonemes.
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Palavras-chave
Medida da produção de fala, Ultrassonografia, Fonética, Measures of speech production, Ultrasound, Phonetics