Diagnóstico ambiental em águas subterrâneas de Presidente Prudente no tocante dos íons metálicos potencialmente tóxicos
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Data
2017-05-05
Autores
Maroubo, Laís Alves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os diagnósticos ambientais que abrangem as águas subterrâneas são importantes para manutenção e conservação da qualidade das águas dos aquíferos. Assim, identificar e quantificar os elementos potencialmente tóxicos presentes nas águas de poços corrobora para o desenvolvimento de ações mitigadoras do impacto ambiental a fim de prevenir que determinada contaminação evolua. A região de Presidente Prudente/SP é banhada pelo aquífero Bauru, que tem a água subterrânea captada para fins domésticos, agrícolas e industriais como fonte alternativa para o consumo. Deste modo, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação e quantificação de íons metálicos potencialmente tóxicos, sendo estes, o cádmio (Cd2+), chumbo (Pb2+) e cobre (Cu2+) em amostras de água subterrânea, a fim de realizar um diagnóstico ambiental na área urbana de Presidente Prudente/SP. A determinação e quantificação dos metais Cd2+, Pb2+ e Cu2+ em amostras de água subterrânea foi realizada pela técnica voltamétrica de pulso diferencial por redissolução anódica utilizando como eletrodo de trabalho o eletrodo de mercúrio (Hanging Mercury Droping Electrode - HMDE), que se mostrou eficiente e satisfatória, comprovado pelos baixos limites de detecção dos metais. Para cada amostra, foram efetuadas medidas de pH, nas quais foram identificados o caráter básico em regiões situadas na FCT-Unesp e arredores, mantendo sua neutralidade em regiões mais distantes e menos populosa. Por meio de análises estatísticas, analisaram-se as características dos poços em função das profundidades dos poços artesianos, valores de pH e concentração dos metais. Os resultados das análises estatísticas pelo método das análises dos componentes principais (PCA) foram avaliados e verificou-se um comportamento semelhante e excedente para Cd e Pb em poços mais rasos, e independente e regular para Cu dentre os demais poços. Por fim, observou-se a relação de proporcionalidade entre profundidade e os metais Cd e Pb e a similaridade entre as medidas de pH entre dois poços próximos entre sí.
Environmental diagnostics covering groundwater is important for maintenance and conservation of water supplies quality. Thus, identifying and quantifying potentially toxic elements in the well water supports for the development of environmental impact mitigation actions to prevent contamination that particular evolve. The region of Presidente Prudente/SP is bathed in Bauru aquifer, which has groundwater abstracted for domestic, industrial and agricultural production as an alternative source for consumption. Thus, the main objective of this work was the determination and quantification of potentially toxic metal ions, which are, cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) in groundwater samples in order to carry out an environmental diagnosis in the urban area of Presidente Prudente/SP. The determination and quantification of Cd2+ metals, Pb2+ and Cu2+ in groundwater samples was performed by technique anodic stripping voltammetric with mercury electrode (Hanging Mercury Droping Electrode - HMDE), which has proved efficient and satisfactory as evidenced by the low limits of detection of metals. For each sample, pH measurements were taken, where it was identified the basic character in regions situated in the FCT-Unesp and surroundings, maintaining its neutrality in more remote and less populated regions. Through statistical analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of the wells as a function of depths of the wells, pH and concentration of the metals. The results of statistical analysis by the method of principal components analysis (PCA) were evaluated and found a similar behavior to and exceeding Cd and Pb in shallower wells, and Cu regular independent from the other wells. Finally, there is the proportionality relationship between depth and Cd and Pb and similarity between pH measurements in two wells next to each other.
Environmental diagnostics covering groundwater is important for maintenance and conservation of water supplies quality. Thus, identifying and quantifying potentially toxic elements in the well water supports for the development of environmental impact mitigation actions to prevent contamination that particular evolve. The region of Presidente Prudente/SP is bathed in Bauru aquifer, which has groundwater abstracted for domestic, industrial and agricultural production as an alternative source for consumption. Thus, the main objective of this work was the determination and quantification of potentially toxic metal ions, which are, cadmium (Cd2+), lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+) in groundwater samples in order to carry out an environmental diagnosis in the urban area of Presidente Prudente/SP. The determination and quantification of Cd2+ metals, Pb2+ and Cu2+ in groundwater samples was performed by technique anodic stripping voltammetric with mercury electrode (Hanging Mercury Droping Electrode - HMDE), which has proved efficient and satisfactory as evidenced by the low limits of detection of metals. For each sample, pH measurements were taken, where it was identified the basic character in regions situated in the FCT-Unesp and surroundings, maintaining its neutrality in more remote and less populated regions. Through statistical analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of the wells as a function of depths of the wells, pH and concentration of the metals. The results of statistical analysis by the method of principal components analysis (PCA) were evaluated and found a similar behavior to and exceeding Cd and Pb in shallower wells, and Cu regular independent from the other wells. Finally, there is the proportionality relationship between depth and Cd and Pb and similarity between pH measurements in two wells next to each other.
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Palavras-chave
Diagnóstico ambiental, Água subterrânea, Metais, Environmental diagnosis, Subterranean water, Metals