Complexos de rutênio(II) coordenados a carbenos N-heterocíclicos como pré-catalisadores para mediar reações de ROMP de norborneno e ATRP de metacrilato de metila
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Data
2017-05-19
Autores
Idehara, André Hideki Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A investigação de sistemas catalíticos duais capazes de mediar as reações de polimerização por abertura de anel via metátese (ROMP) e de polimerização radicalar por transferência de átomo (ATRP) simultaneamente é de grande interesse e importância na obtenção de novos materiais com potencial de aplicação. Neste estudo, novos complexos de Rutênio(II) coordenados a diferentes carbenos N-heterocíclicos derivados de cicloalquilaminas (ciclopentil (IPent) (1a), ciclohexil (IHex) (1b), cicloheptil (IHept) (1c) e ciclooctil (IOct) (1d)) foram sintetizados: [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IPent)] (2a), [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHex)] (2b), [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHept)] (2c) e [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IOct)] (2d). Os sais imidazólicos e seus respectivos complexos de rutênio foram caracterizados por FTIR, UV-Vis, RMN e voltametria cíclica, comprovando-se o sucesso na síntese dos mesmos. Os complexos planejados foram avaliados como precursores catalíticos em reações de ROMP de norborneno (NBE) e em reações de ATRP de metacrilato de metila (MMA). As sínteses de polinorborneno (poliNBE) via ROMP com os complexos 2a-d como pré-catalisadores foram avaliadas sob condições de reação ([EDA]/[Ru] = 28 (5 µL), [NBE]/[Ru] = 5000, temperatura de 50 ºC, utilizando clorofórmio como solvente, variando o tempo até 60 minutos. A polimerização de MMA via ATRP foi conduzida usando os complexos 2a-d na presença de etil-α-bromoisobutirato (EBiB) como iniciador. Os testes catalíticos foram avaliados em função do tempo de reação usando a razão molar [MMA]/[EBiB]/[Ru] = 1000/2/1. Todos os experimentos via ATRP foram conduzidos à 85 °C. A correlação linear do ln([MMA]0/[MMA]) em função do tempo na ATRP de MMA mediada pelos complexos 2a-d indica que a concentração de radicais permanece constante durante a polimerização. As massas moleculares aumentaram com a conversão com a diminuição dos valores de IPD, no entanto, as massas moleculares experimentais foram maiores do que as massas moleculares teóricas. Percebeu-se então que o melhor complexo, para mecanismo via ATRP, na condição descrita, foi o complexo 2d, mostrando uma boa conversão (próximo de 80%) com baixo IPD, enquanto que, para o mecanismo via ROMP, o complexo de melhor atividade foi o 2a.
The investigation of dual catalytic systems able to mediate simultaneously ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions is of great interest and importance in obtaining new materials with potential for application. In the study, new complexes of Ruthenium (II) coordinated to different N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from cycloalkylamines (cyclopentyl (IPent) (1a), cyclohexyl (IHex) (1b), cycloheptyl (IHept) (1c) and cyclooctyl (IOct) (1d), [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHept)] (2a), [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHex)] (2b) [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHept)] (2c) and [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IOct)] (2d). The imidazole salts and their respective ruthenium complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR and cyclic voltammetry, proving the success in their synthesis. The planned complexes were evaluated as catalytic precursors in norbornene ROMP (NBE) reactions and in methyl methacrylate (MMA) ATRP reactions. The polynorbornene (polyNBE) syntheses via ROMP with complexes 2a-d as pre-catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions ([EDA] / [Ru] = 28 (5 μL), [NBE] / [Ru] = 5000, The polymerization of MMA via ATRP was conducted using the complexes 2a-d in the presence of ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as the initiator.The catalytic tests were evaluated As a function of the reaction time using the molar ratio [MMA] / [EBiB] / [Ru] = 1000/2/1. All ATRP experiments were conducted at 85 °C. The linear correlation of ln ([MMA]0 / [MMA]) as a function of time in MMA ATRP mediated by complexes 2a-d indicates that the concentration of radicals remains constant for a polymerization. As molecular weights increased with a conversion with a decrease in IPD values, however, as experimental molecular masses were higher than as theoretical molecular masses. It was then realized that the best complex, for mechanism via ATRP and in condition, was the 2d complex, showing a good conversion (close to 80%) with low IPD, whereas, for the mechanism via ROMP, the complex of Best activity was the 2a.
The investigation of dual catalytic systems able to mediate simultaneously ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions is of great interest and importance in obtaining new materials with potential for application. In the study, new complexes of Ruthenium (II) coordinated to different N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from cycloalkylamines (cyclopentyl (IPent) (1a), cyclohexyl (IHex) (1b), cycloheptyl (IHept) (1c) and cyclooctyl (IOct) (1d), [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHept)] (2a), [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHex)] (2b) [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IHept)] (2c) and [RuCl2(S-dmso)2(IOct)] (2d). The imidazole salts and their respective ruthenium complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR and cyclic voltammetry, proving the success in their synthesis. The planned complexes were evaluated as catalytic precursors in norbornene ROMP (NBE) reactions and in methyl methacrylate (MMA) ATRP reactions. The polynorbornene (polyNBE) syntheses via ROMP with complexes 2a-d as pre-catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions ([EDA] / [Ru] = 28 (5 μL), [NBE] / [Ru] = 5000, The polymerization of MMA via ATRP was conducted using the complexes 2a-d in the presence of ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as the initiator.The catalytic tests were evaluated As a function of the reaction time using the molar ratio [MMA] / [EBiB] / [Ru] = 1000/2/1. All ATRP experiments were conducted at 85 °C. The linear correlation of ln ([MMA]0 / [MMA]) as a function of time in MMA ATRP mediated by complexes 2a-d indicates that the concentration of radicals remains constant for a polymerization. As molecular weights increased with a conversion with a decrease in IPD values, however, as experimental molecular masses were higher than as theoretical molecular masses. It was then realized that the best complex, for mechanism via ATRP and in condition, was the 2d complex, showing a good conversion (close to 80%) with low IPD, whereas, for the mechanism via ROMP, the complex of Best activity was the 2a.
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Palavras-chave
Rutênio, Sais imidazólicos, Carbenos N-heterocíclicos, ROMP, ATRP