Mapeamento tridimensional do ápice radicular em relação às corticais ósseas externas e estruturas anatômicas adjacentes
Arquivos
Data
2017-05-29
Autores
Ferrari, Carlos Henrique [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento da posição topográfica dos ápices dentários em relação às corticais ósseas externas e estruturas anatômicas é de importância para a endodontia, sobretudo quando da instituição de técnicas com sobreinstrumentação. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) permite uma análise tridimensional da localização do ápice radicular, estimando os riscos em relação a essas estruturas. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: a) aferir a medida linear entre os ápices radiculares de dentes posteriores e canino superiores e o seio maxilar e entre os ápices de dentes posteriores inferiores e o canal mandibular, relacionando os achados com gênero e idade; b) comparar as medições realizadas em tomografias entre ápices e estruturas anatômicas, com as realizadas em radiografias panorâmicas; c) verificar a proximidade dos ápices radiculares dos dentes superiores com a respectiva cortical óssea externa adjacente e dos ápices radiculares dos dentes inferiores com as corticais ósseas externas vestibular e lingual; d) verificar a ocorrência de fenestrações apicais, em todos os grupos dentais e e) classificar riscos de sobreinstrumentação baseando-se nas medidas lineares entre ápices radiculares e estruturas anatômicas/ corticais ósseas externas. Foram selecionados 800 TCFCs e 200 radiografias panorâmicas obtidas de pacientes com indicações diversas. Na TCFC, foram encontradas médias entre os ápices radiculares e o seio maxilar, variando de 0,37mm até 6,22mm, e na mandíbula, entre os ápices e o forame mentoniano, variando de 2,81mm até 4,92mm. Ao comparar as distâncias determinadas pela TCFC e panorâmica, verificou-se superestimação e subestimação das medidas na maxila e mandíbula, respectivamente (p<0,01). As distâncias entre cada ápice e sua respectiva cortical óssea foram classificadas de acordo com a distância, com maioria de ápices a menos de 1mm de distância na maxila e com mais de 3mm na mandíbula. A ocorrência de fenestrações registrou maiores índices na maxila, sendo que em mandíbula foram registrados em relação às fenestrações da cortical óssea lingual. Concluímos que a) há determinados ápices que estão frequentemente em posição de risco em relação às estruturas anatômicas, sobretudo o seio maxilar; b) houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as medições realizadas em tomografias e radiografias panorâmicas; c) há determinados ápices, principalmente na maxila, que estão em íntimo contato com as corticais ósseas externas; d) houve ocorrências importantes de fenestração apical em determinados ápices dentais, e e) os riscos de sobreinstrumentação determinados pelas medidas lineares entre ápices e estruturas anatômicas e corticais ósseas externas foram altos para determinados ápices e esses riscos foram mais importantes para sobreinstrumentações maiores que 1mm.
It is important to know the topographic position of dental root apices in relation to external cortical bones and adjacent anatomical structures for endodontics, mainly regarding the use of over-instrumentation techniques. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows for analysis of the root apex position and estimation of the risks in relation to these structures. The objectives of this study were: a) to assess the linear measurement between root apices of posterior teeth and upper canine and maxillary sinus as well as between apices of lower posterior teeth and mandibular canal according to gender and age; b) to compare tomographic measurements of apices and anatomical structures to those from panoramic radiographs; c) to verify the proximities of the root apices of upper teeth to corresponding adjacent cortical bones and of lower teeth to buccal and lingual cortical bones; d) to verify the occurrence of apical fenestrations in all dental groups; and e) to assess the risks of overinstrumentation based on linear measurements between root apices and anatomical structures/external cortical bones. A total of 800 tomographs and 200 panoramic radiographs were selected. CBCT images showed mean distances between root apices and maxillary sinus ranging from 0.37mm to 6.22mm and between root apices and mental foramen ranging from 2.81mm to 4.92mm. By comparing the tomographs to panoramic radiographs, over-estimation and sub-estimation were found in the maxillary and mandibular measurements, respectively (P < 0.01). The distances between each root apex and corresponding cortical bone were ranked according to distance, with the majority of the apices located less than 1 mm from the cortical bone in the maxilla and greater than 3mm in the mandible. Higher rates of fenestrations were found in the maxilla, whereas lingual bone plate was more affected in the mandible. We have concluded that: a) there are certain root apices which are frequently at risk position in relation to anatomical structures, mainly in the maxillary sinus; b) there were statistically significant differences between tomographic and radiographic measurements; c) there are certain root apices, mainly in the maxilla, which are in close contact with external cortical bones; d) there were major occurrences of apical fenestrations in certain root apices, and e) the risks of over-instrumentation as determined by linear measurements between apices and anatomical structures/external cortical bones were found be high for certain root apices, and these risks were more significant regarding over-instrumentations greater than 1 mm.
It is important to know the topographic position of dental root apices in relation to external cortical bones and adjacent anatomical structures for endodontics, mainly regarding the use of over-instrumentation techniques. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows for analysis of the root apex position and estimation of the risks in relation to these structures. The objectives of this study were: a) to assess the linear measurement between root apices of posterior teeth and upper canine and maxillary sinus as well as between apices of lower posterior teeth and mandibular canal according to gender and age; b) to compare tomographic measurements of apices and anatomical structures to those from panoramic radiographs; c) to verify the proximities of the root apices of upper teeth to corresponding adjacent cortical bones and of lower teeth to buccal and lingual cortical bones; d) to verify the occurrence of apical fenestrations in all dental groups; and e) to assess the risks of overinstrumentation based on linear measurements between root apices and anatomical structures/external cortical bones. A total of 800 tomographs and 200 panoramic radiographs were selected. CBCT images showed mean distances between root apices and maxillary sinus ranging from 0.37mm to 6.22mm and between root apices and mental foramen ranging from 2.81mm to 4.92mm. By comparing the tomographs to panoramic radiographs, over-estimation and sub-estimation were found in the maxillary and mandibular measurements, respectively (P < 0.01). The distances between each root apex and corresponding cortical bone were ranked according to distance, with the majority of the apices located less than 1 mm from the cortical bone in the maxilla and greater than 3mm in the mandible. Higher rates of fenestrations were found in the maxilla, whereas lingual bone plate was more affected in the mandible. We have concluded that: a) there are certain root apices which are frequently at risk position in relation to anatomical structures, mainly in the maxillary sinus; b) there were statistically significant differences between tomographic and radiographic measurements; c) there are certain root apices, mainly in the maxilla, which are in close contact with external cortical bones; d) there were major occurrences of apical fenestrations in certain root apices, and e) the risks of over-instrumentation as determined by linear measurements between apices and anatomical structures/external cortical bones were found be high for certain root apices, and these risks were more significant regarding over-instrumentations greater than 1 mm.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Endodontia, Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, Seio maxilar, Nervo mandibular, Ápice dentário