Caracterização estrutural e físico-química do amido de taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium ) e potencial aplicação na produção de etanol
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Data
2017-06-29
Autores
Farias, Flávia de Aquino Cutrim [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Há um grande interesse em se produzir álcool por matérias-primas alternativas à cana-de-açúcar. As fontes amiláceas tropicais são alvos potenciais nestas pesquisas. A taioba é uma planta que contem um teor considerável de amido nos seus tubérculos, mas é pouco explorada cientifica e comercialmente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial industrial da taioba. Para isto, determinaram-se as características estruturais e físico-químicas do amido de taioba, e, em seguida, se avaliou o potencial para a produção de etanol. Todas as analises foram realizadas em comparação ao amido de mandioca, por ser uma fonte conhecida e bem difundida no Brasil. Os amidos apresentaram alto grau de pureza e baixo teor de fósforo (< 0,05%). O amido de taioba apresentou 21,80 % de amilose aparente e 16,96 % de amilose absoluta. Os amidos exibiram perda de água (sinérese) durante a estocagem em todas as temperaturas testadas, mas a menor porcentagem de perda em ambos os amidos foi a 25 °C. O amido de taioba apresentou temperaturas de gelatinização mais elevadas, maiores alterações de entalpia de gelatinização e maiores percentagens de retrogradação, mas com valores de hidrólise menores que o amido de mandioca, sendo que essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas à menor proporção de cadeias ramificadas curtas (DP 6-12) da amilopectina e à maior viscosidade final do amido de taioba. O amido de taioba foi sacarificado enzimaticamente e submetido à fermentação usando a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1. A concentração máxima de etanol produzida foi de aproximadamente de 56,34 e 48,38 g.L-1, com produtividade de 0,67 e 0,56 g.L-1.h-1 e rendimentos na faixa de 0,49 e 0,46 para os hidrolisados de mandioca e taioba, respectivamente. A eficiência de conversão em álcool dos hidrolisados de mandioca foi de 96,8 % e taioba de 89,57 %. Este estudo obteve resultados inéditos e úteis para avaliar o emprego de tubérculo de taioba para desenvolvimento de produtos de valor agregado destinados a alimentos e combustível.
There is a great interest in producing alcohol for raw materials that are alternative to sugarcane. Tropical amylaceous sources are potential targets in these surveys. Tannia is a plant that contains a considerable amount of starch in its tubers, but is little explored scientifically and commercially. This work aimed to evaluate the industrial potential of this plant. For this, the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the tannia starch were determined, and then the potential for the production of ethanol was evaluated. All the analyzes were carried out in comparison to cassava starch, because it is a known and well-known source in Brazil. The starches presented high purity and low phosphorus content (<0.05%). Tannia starch had 21.80% apparent amylose and 16.96% absolute amylose. Starches exhibited loss of water (syneresis) during storage at all temperatures tested, but the lowest percentage loss in both starches was at 25 oC. Tannia starch showed higher gelatinization temperatures, greater gelatinization enthalpy changes and higher percentages of retrogradation, but with hydrolysis values lower than cassava starch, and these differences can be attributed to the lower proportion of short branched chains (DP 6-12) of the amylopectin and the higher final viscosity of the tannia starch. The tannia starch was saccharified enzymatically and subjected to fermentation using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1. The maximum concentration of ethanol produced was approximately 56.34 and 48.38 g.L-1, with yields of 0.67 and 0.56 gL-1.h-1 and yields in the range of 0.49 and 0.46. For the cassava and tannia hydrolysates, respectively. The alcohol conversion efficiency of cassava hydrolysates was 96.8% and tannia 89.57%. This study has obtained unpublished and useful results to evaluate the use of tuber tubers for the development of value-added products for food and fuel.
There is a great interest in producing alcohol for raw materials that are alternative to sugarcane. Tropical amylaceous sources are potential targets in these surveys. Tannia is a plant that contains a considerable amount of starch in its tubers, but is little explored scientifically and commercially. This work aimed to evaluate the industrial potential of this plant. For this, the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the tannia starch were determined, and then the potential for the production of ethanol was evaluated. All the analyzes were carried out in comparison to cassava starch, because it is a known and well-known source in Brazil. The starches presented high purity and low phosphorus content (<0.05%). Tannia starch had 21.80% apparent amylose and 16.96% absolute amylose. Starches exhibited loss of water (syneresis) during storage at all temperatures tested, but the lowest percentage loss in both starches was at 25 oC. Tannia starch showed higher gelatinization temperatures, greater gelatinization enthalpy changes and higher percentages of retrogradation, but with hydrolysis values lower than cassava starch, and these differences can be attributed to the lower proportion of short branched chains (DP 6-12) of the amylopectin and the higher final viscosity of the tannia starch. The tannia starch was saccharified enzymatically and subjected to fermentation using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1. The maximum concentration of ethanol produced was approximately 56.34 and 48.38 g.L-1, with yields of 0.67 and 0.56 gL-1.h-1 and yields in the range of 0.49 and 0.46. For the cassava and tannia hydrolysates, respectively. The alcohol conversion efficiency of cassava hydrolysates was 96.8% and tannia 89.57%. This study has obtained unpublished and useful results to evaluate the use of tuber tubers for the development of value-added products for food and fuel.
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Palavras-chave
Gelatinização, Retrogradação, Fermentação, Hidrolisados, Gelatinization, Retrogradation, Fermentation, Hydrolysate