Composição e variação espacial na estrutura das comunidades parasitárias de peixes da família anostomidae das Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Grande e São Francisco
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Data
2017-06-12
Autores
Silva, Ana Carolina da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo taxonômico e ecológico dos metazoários parasitas de peixes da Família Anostomidae pertencentes às Bacias Hidrográficas do Rio Grande e Rio São Francisco. No total foram coletados 411 exemplares de peixes, dos quais 360 pertenciam à bacia do Rio Grande e 51 da bacia do Rio São Francisco, sendo que 244 (94,16%) e 45 (88,23%), respectivamente, estavam parasitados por alguma espécie de metazoário. Foram identificados os seguintes parasitas: Rhinoxenus arietinus, Rhinoxenus nyttus, Protorhinoxenus prochilodi, Jainus leporini, Tereancistrum parvus, Urocleidodes paradoxus, Urocleidodes naris e Tereancistrum paranaensis; Clinostomum sp. 1 (metacercárias) e Clinostomum sp. 2 (adultos), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona sp., Contracaecum sp. (juvenis), Gamispatulus schizodontis e uma espécie de Isopoda. Não houve correlação do sexo com a abundância parasitária. Algumas espécies de parasitas demonstraram correlação negativa com peso e comprimento padrão dos hospedeiros e abundância parasitária, com exceção de Leporinus macrocephalus (Rio Grande) que demonstrou correlação positiva entre peso, comprimento padrão e abundância parasitária de R. nyttus e P. prochilodi. Os mesmos hospedeiros apresentaram a maior diversidade de parasitas, enquanto a menor diversidade foi observada em Schizodon nasutus coletados no Rio Mogi Guaçu. As espécies de parasitas mais abundantes foram U. paradoxus e J. leporini, porém não foram dominantes. Dentro das localidades, os hospedeiros diferiram entre si quanto à abundância parasitária, com exceção do Rio Pardo onde não houve diferença significativa entres as espécies de peixes coletadas (p>0,05). Os resultados também mostraram diferença significativa (p<0,05) na abundância parasitaria dos hospedeiros analisados nas diferentes localidades. O PERMDISP mostrou diferença significativa (p<0,05) na dispersão parasitaria entre as localidades, exceto entre Rios Grande e Pardo. Leporinus obtusidens apresentou maior diversidade parasitária que L. friderici. Não foi observada declínio de similaridade com o aumento da distância geográfica, ao contrário, constatou-se que a similaridade aumentou com a distância.
The present study had as objective the taxonomic and ecological study of the parasitic metazoan fish of the Anostomidae Family belonging to the Hydrographic Basins of Grande River and São Francisco River. In total, 411 specimens of fish were collected, of which 360 belonged to the Grande River Basin and 51 from the São Francisco River Basin, respectively, 244 (94.16%) and 45 (88.23%) were parasitized by some species of metazoan. The following parasites have been identified: Rhinoxenus arietinus, Rhinoxenus nyttus, Protorhinoxenus prochilodi, Jainus leporini, Tereancistrum parvus, Urocleidodes paradoxus, Urocleidodes naris and Tereancistrum paranaensis; Clinostomum sp. 1 (metacercariae) and Clinostomum sp. 2 (adults), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona sp., Contracaecum sp. (juveniles), Gamispatulus schizodontis and a species of Isopoda. There was no correlation between sex and parasite abundance. Some species of parasites showed negative correlation with host weight and standard length and parasite abundance, except for Leporinus macrocephalus (Grande River), which showed a positive correlation between weight and standard length and parasitic abundance of R. nyttus and P. prochilodi. The same hosts had the highest diversity of parasites, while the lowest diversity was observed in Schizodon nasutus collected in the Mogi Guaçu River. The most abundant species of parasites were U. paradoxus and J. leporini, but they were not dominant. Within the localities, the hosts differed in parasite abundance, with the exception of Rio Pardo, where there was no significant difference among the species of fish collected (p> 0.05). The results also showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the parasite abundance of the analyzed hosts in the different locations. The PERMDISP showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the parasite dispersion between the localities, except between Rios Grande and Pardo. Leporinus obtusidens presented higher parasite diversity than L. friderici. No similarity decline was observed with the increase of the geographic distance, on the contrary, it was verified that the similarity increased with the distance.
The present study had as objective the taxonomic and ecological study of the parasitic metazoan fish of the Anostomidae Family belonging to the Hydrographic Basins of Grande River and São Francisco River. In total, 411 specimens of fish were collected, of which 360 belonged to the Grande River Basin and 51 from the São Francisco River Basin, respectively, 244 (94.16%) and 45 (88.23%) were parasitized by some species of metazoan. The following parasites have been identified: Rhinoxenus arietinus, Rhinoxenus nyttus, Protorhinoxenus prochilodi, Jainus leporini, Tereancistrum parvus, Urocleidodes paradoxus, Urocleidodes naris and Tereancistrum paranaensis; Clinostomum sp. 1 (metacercariae) and Clinostomum sp. 2 (adults), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona sp., Contracaecum sp. (juveniles), Gamispatulus schizodontis and a species of Isopoda. There was no correlation between sex and parasite abundance. Some species of parasites showed negative correlation with host weight and standard length and parasite abundance, except for Leporinus macrocephalus (Grande River), which showed a positive correlation between weight and standard length and parasitic abundance of R. nyttus and P. prochilodi. The same hosts had the highest diversity of parasites, while the lowest diversity was observed in Schizodon nasutus collected in the Mogi Guaçu River. The most abundant species of parasites were U. paradoxus and J. leporini, but they were not dominant. Within the localities, the hosts differed in parasite abundance, with the exception of Rio Pardo, where there was no significant difference among the species of fish collected (p> 0.05). The results also showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the parasite abundance of the analyzed hosts in the different locations. The PERMDISP showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the parasite dispersion between the localities, except between Rios Grande and Pardo. Leporinus obtusidens presented higher parasite diversity than L. friderici. No similarity decline was observed with the increase of the geographic distance, on the contrary, it was verified that the similarity increased with the distance.
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Palavras-chave
Ecologia parasitária, Água doce, Índices ecológicos, Piau, Piapara, Taguara, Piauçu, Parasitic ecology, Fresh water, Ecological indexes