Aplicação de silício na fisiologia, na produção e na mitigação de estresse causado pela deficiência de manganês em plantas de sorgo granífero
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Data
2017-06-21
Autores
Oliveira, Raimundo Leonardo Lima de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O silicato de potássio é a fonte de silício (Si) mais empregada na aplicação foliar, havendo a necessidade de estudar fontes alternativas, e o papel que esse elemento benéfico pode ter na atenuação de estresses causados pela deficiência nutricional em plantas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a aplicação de fontes e concentrações de Si foliar, e com a fonte e a concentração escolhida, estudar a atuação do Si na mitigação de estresse por deficiência de manganês em sorgo granífero. Realizaram-se dois experimentos em cultivo hidropônico o experimento I, com aplicação de fontes e concentrações de Si em esquema fatorial 4x4, e no experimento II, a aplicação da fonte e concentração de Si escolhida, em esquema fatorial 3x2, ambos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Ao final do experimento I, foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento, variáveis fisiológicas, acúmulo de Si na parte aérea e produção de grãos, e no experimento II, foram realizadas avaliações de crescimento, concentrações de malondialdeído, peróxido de hidrogênio, fotossíntese, acúmulo de Si, manganês e eficiência de uso do manganês na parte aérea. A aplicação foliar de fontes alternativas de Si incrementou o acúmulo de Si, refletindo nas trocas gasosas e na produção de grãos das plantas de sorgo. O maior acúmulo de Si, fornecido na forma radicular, mitiga o estresse por deficiência de manganês, devido à diminuição da peroxidação lipídica, favorecendo a fotossíntese e incrementando a matéria seca das plantas. A aplicação foliar das fontes nanossílica, silicato de sódio e potássio estabilizado, e o silicato de potássio na concentração 1,0 g L-1 de Si é mais indicada, por proporcionar os maiores acúmulos de Si, com incrementos na fisiologia e na produção de grãos, e a aplicação do Si na forma radicular foi mais efetiva que a via foliar na mitigação do estresse por deficiência de manganês, evidenciada pela maior atividade fotossintética, eficiência de uso do manganês e a matéria seca das plantas.
Potassium silicate is the source of silicon (Si) most used in foliar application, there being a need to study alternative sources, and the role that this beneficial element can play in the attenuation of stress caused by nutritional deficiency in plants. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the application of sources and concentrations of foliar Si, and with the source and concentration chosen, study the performance of Si in the mitigation of stress by manganese deficiency in grain sorghum. Two experiments were carried out in hydroponic cultivation, experiment I, with application of Si sources and concentrations in a 4x4 factorial scheme, and in experiment II, the application of the source and selected Si concentration, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, both in randomized blocks with three replicates. At the end of experiment I, were realized growth evaluations, physiological variables, Si accumulation in aerial part and grain production were performed, and in experiment II, were realized growth evaluations, concentrations of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, photosynthesis, Si accumulation, manganese and efficiency of manganese in aerial part. Foliar application of alternative sources of Si increased the accumulation of Si, reflecting the gas exchange and grain yield of sorghum plants. The greater accumulation of Si, provided in the form root, mitigate stress manganese deficiency, due to the decrease of lipid peroxidation, favoring photosynthesis and increasing the dry matter of the plants. Foliar application from sources nanosilica, stabilized sodium and potassium silicate, and potassium silicate at the concentration 1,0 g L-1 of Si is more indicated per providing the largest accumulations of Si with increases in physiology and in the production of grains, and the application of Si in the root form was more effective than the foliar route in the mitigation of stress per manganese deficiency, evidenced by the greater photosynthetic activity, manganese use efficiency and the dry matter of the plants.
Potassium silicate is the source of silicon (Si) most used in foliar application, there being a need to study alternative sources, and the role that this beneficial element can play in the attenuation of stress caused by nutritional deficiency in plants. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the application of sources and concentrations of foliar Si, and with the source and concentration chosen, study the performance of Si in the mitigation of stress by manganese deficiency in grain sorghum. Two experiments were carried out in hydroponic cultivation, experiment I, with application of Si sources and concentrations in a 4x4 factorial scheme, and in experiment II, the application of the source and selected Si concentration, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, both in randomized blocks with three replicates. At the end of experiment I, were realized growth evaluations, physiological variables, Si accumulation in aerial part and grain production were performed, and in experiment II, were realized growth evaluations, concentrations of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, photosynthesis, Si accumulation, manganese and efficiency of manganese in aerial part. Foliar application of alternative sources of Si increased the accumulation of Si, reflecting the gas exchange and grain yield of sorghum plants. The greater accumulation of Si, provided in the form root, mitigate stress manganese deficiency, due to the decrease of lipid peroxidation, favoring photosynthesis and increasing the dry matter of the plants. Foliar application from sources nanosilica, stabilized sodium and potassium silicate, and potassium silicate at the concentration 1,0 g L-1 of Si is more indicated per providing the largest accumulations of Si with increases in physiology and in the production of grains, and the application of Si in the root form was more effective than the foliar route in the mitigation of stress per manganese deficiency, evidenced by the greater photosynthetic activity, manganese use efficiency and the dry matter of the plants.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Elemento benéfico, Estresse nutricional, Fontes alternativas, Sorghum bicolor L., Beneficial element, Nutritional stress, Alternative sources