Café arábica em experimento tipo FACE ('Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment'): intensidade da ferrugem e do bicho-mineiro e crescimento da planta
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Data
2017-02-21
Autores
Iost, Regiane [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas o clima do planeta vem se alterando gradativamente em consequência da mudança climática, devido principalmente, à intensificação das atividades antrópicas, como a queima de combustíveis fósseis e mudanças no uso da terra, as quais são responsáveis por alterações em diversos componentes do ambiente, como o dióxido de carbono (CO₂), o metano, o óxido nitroso e outros gases de efeito estufa. Considerando que o CO2 é o gás de efeito estufa que tem maior importância devido ao maior volume de emissões, os efeitos do enriquecimento do ar com CO₂[duas condições: concentração ambiente (nas faixas 360-450ppm) e concentração enriquecida (entre 490 ppm e 620 ppm)] foram avaliados sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de café e sobre a ferrugem do cafeeiro e bicho-mineiro na cultivar “Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144” em experimento do tipo FACE (“Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment”). O experimento foi composto por 12 parcelas octogonais com 10 metros de diâmetro, das quais seis foram enriquecidas com CO2 e seis permaneceram na concentração ambiente. As avaliações foram realizadas nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. Para o desenvolvimento da cultura foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, o diâmetro do colo das plantas e o número de folhas nos ramos. Para os problemas fitossanitários foram avaliados a ferrugem do cafeeiro e o bicho-mineiro, ambos por meio da incidência. Em condições de enriquecimento do ar com CO2 a altura das plantas e o diâmetro do caule foram maiores, nos três anos avaliados. Não houve diferença estatística para o número de folhas em todo o período avaliado. A incidência de bicho-mineiro foi maior em condições ambientes, enquanto a incidência da ferrugem do cafeeiro foi semelhante em ambas as condições.
In recent decades the planet's climate has been gradually changing as a result of climate change, mainly due to the intensification of anthropogenic activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, which are responsible for changes in various components of the environment, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases. Considering that CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas due to higher emissions, the effects of CO2 enrichment [two conditions: ambient concentration (between 360ppm and 490ppm) and enriched concentration (between 490ppm and 620ppm)] were evaluated on the development of coffee plants and on coffee leaf rust and leaf miner in the "Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144" cultivar in a Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The experiment was composed of 12 octagonal plots with 10 meters in diameter, of which six were enriched with CO2 and six remained in the ambient concentration. The evaluations were carried out in the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. For the development of the crop were evaluated height of plants, stem diameter and number of leaves in the branches. For the phytosanitary problems, was evaluated the incidence of coffee leaf rust and leafminer incidence. In CO2 enrichment conditions, plant height and stem diameter were higher in the three years evaluated. There was no statistical difference for the number of leaves throughout the evaluated period. The incidence of leaf miner was higher in environmental conditions, while the incidence of coffee leaf rust was similar in both conditions.
In recent decades the planet's climate has been gradually changing as a result of climate change, mainly due to the intensification of anthropogenic activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use, which are responsible for changes in various components of the environment, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases. Considering that CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas due to higher emissions, the effects of CO2 enrichment [two conditions: ambient concentration (between 360ppm and 490ppm) and enriched concentration (between 490ppm and 620ppm)] were evaluated on the development of coffee plants and on coffee leaf rust and leaf miner in the "Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144" cultivar in a Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The experiment was composed of 12 octagonal plots with 10 meters in diameter, of which six were enriched with CO2 and six remained in the ambient concentration. The evaluations were carried out in the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. For the development of the crop were evaluated height of plants, stem diameter and number of leaves in the branches. For the phytosanitary problems, was evaluated the incidence of coffee leaf rust and leafminer incidence. In CO2 enrichment conditions, plant height and stem diameter were higher in the three years evaluated. There was no statistical difference for the number of leaves throughout the evaluated period. The incidence of leaf miner was higher in environmental conditions, while the incidence of coffee leaf rust was similar in both conditions.
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Café, Hemileia vastatrix, Doenças, Pragas, Mudança climática