Impacto do treinamento aeróbio intervalado periodizado sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca e variáveis cardiovasculares em portadores de Síndrome Metabólica
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Data
2017-07-20
Autores
Vanzella, Laís Manata [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Alterações na modulação autonômica e em parâmetros cardiovasculares podem estar presentes na síndrome metabólica (SM), sugerindo um mal funcionamento fisiológico e alto índice de morbi-mortalidade desta população. Nesse contexto, é de fundamental importância a escolha de tratamentos eficazes que possam amenizar esse quadro. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio intervalado (TAI) periodizado sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca e parâmetros cardiovasculares de indivíduos com SM. MÉTODOS: Para a realização do presente estudo foram recrutados 52 indivíduos com diagnóstico de SM, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos: TAI (GTAI; n = 26) e controle (GC; n = 26). O grupo GTAI foi submetido a um programa de TAI periodizado, durante 16 semanas. Para avaliação da modulação autonômica e parâmetros cardiovasculares foram mensurados, em ambos os grupos no início e ao final do treinamento, índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC). Para a avaliação dos efeitos do TAI sobre as variáveis analisadas foi realizada a análise de Covariância (ANCOVA), que comparou a diferença das médias entre os grupos GTAI e GC ajustando-se por sexo, idade e hipertensão (controlada ou não). Resultados: Aumento significativos nos índices rMSSD (6,15±2,10 vs. -0,18±2,14), LFms2 (419,84±123,53 vs. -7,08±126,11), SDNN (8,55±2,63 vs. -1,51±1,68), RRTRI (-1,25±0,58 vs. 1,41±0,57), SD1 (-0,13±1,52 vs. 4,34±1,49) e SD2 (-2,14±3,59 vs. 11,23±3,52) foram observados no grupo GTAI e a análise qualitativa do plot de Poincaré mostrou aumento na dispersão dos intervalos RR tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo nesse grupo em comparação ao GC após a intervenção. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos para os índices lineares de VFC no domínio da frequência [LFun (5,74±3,29 vs. -1,67±3,36), HFun (-5,72±3,27 vs. 1,66±3,34) e relação LF/HF (0,58±0,63 vs. -0,109±0,64)], assim como nos parâmetros cardiovasculares PAS, PAD e FC e nos índices geométricos TINN (-4,05±17,38 vs. 25,52±17,03) e relação SD1/SD2 (0,03±0,02 vs. 0,00±0,02). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que 16 semanas de TAI foi capaz de promover efeitos benéficos da modulação autonômica de indivíduos com SM, caracterizada por aumento da modulação parassimpática e simpática e da variabilidade global. Alterações nos parâmetros cardiovasculares não foram evidenciadas com a realização do TAI.
Introduction: Alterations in autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters can be present in metabolic syndrome (Mets), suggesting a physiological malfunction and high level of morbimortality of this population. In this context, the choose of effective treatment it’s of fundamental importance. Objective: Evaluate the effect of a periodized aerobic interval training (AIT) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters of subjects with Mets. Methods: To the realization of the study was recruited 52 individuals with diagnosis of Mets, that were allocated into two groups: AIT (AITG; n = 26) and control (CG; n = 26). The AITG group was submitted to a periodized AIT program, during 16 weeks. To evaluation of autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters were measured, in both groups at the beginning and at the end of the training, heart rate variability (HRV) indexes, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). To evaluate the effects of AIT on the variables analyzed, were realized the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), that compared the differences of the average between the groups AITG and CG adjusting by sex, age and hypertension (controlled or not). Results: Significant increase in the indexes rMSSD (6,15±2,10 vs. -0,18±2,14), LFms2 (419,84±123,53 vs. - 7,08±126,11), SDNN (8,55±2,63 vs. -1,51±1,68), RRTRI (-1,25±0,58 vs. 1,41±0,57), SD1 (-0,13±1,52 vs. 4,34±1,49) and SD2 (-2,14±3,59 vs. 11,23±3,52) were observed in AITG group, and the qualitative analyze of Poincaré plot show an increase in RR intervals dispersion, as short as long term in this group compare to CG after the intervention. Was not observed statistically significant differences between the groups to linear indexes of HRV in frequency domain [LFun (5,74±3,29 vs. - 1,67±3,36), HFun (-5,72±3,27 vs. 1,66±3,34) and LF/HF ratio (0,58±0,63 vs. - 0,109±0,64)] as in cardiovascular parameters SBP, DBP and HR and in geometric indexes TINN (-4,05±17,38 vs. 25,52±17,03) and SD1/SD2 ratio (0,03±0,02 vs. 0,00±0,02). Conclusion: We can conclude that 16 weeks of AIT was able to promote benefits effects on autonomic modulation of subjects with Mets, characterized by increase in parasympathetic and sympathetic modulation and in global variability. Cardiovascular parameters alterations were not evidenced with the AIT realization.
Introduction: Alterations in autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters can be present in metabolic syndrome (Mets), suggesting a physiological malfunction and high level of morbimortality of this population. In this context, the choose of effective treatment it’s of fundamental importance. Objective: Evaluate the effect of a periodized aerobic interval training (AIT) on cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters of subjects with Mets. Methods: To the realization of the study was recruited 52 individuals with diagnosis of Mets, that were allocated into two groups: AIT (AITG; n = 26) and control (CG; n = 26). The AITG group was submitted to a periodized AIT program, during 16 weeks. To evaluation of autonomic modulation and cardiovascular parameters were measured, in both groups at the beginning and at the end of the training, heart rate variability (HRV) indexes, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). To evaluate the effects of AIT on the variables analyzed, were realized the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), that compared the differences of the average between the groups AITG and CG adjusting by sex, age and hypertension (controlled or not). Results: Significant increase in the indexes rMSSD (6,15±2,10 vs. -0,18±2,14), LFms2 (419,84±123,53 vs. - 7,08±126,11), SDNN (8,55±2,63 vs. -1,51±1,68), RRTRI (-1,25±0,58 vs. 1,41±0,57), SD1 (-0,13±1,52 vs. 4,34±1,49) and SD2 (-2,14±3,59 vs. 11,23±3,52) were observed in AITG group, and the qualitative analyze of Poincaré plot show an increase in RR intervals dispersion, as short as long term in this group compare to CG after the intervention. Was not observed statistically significant differences between the groups to linear indexes of HRV in frequency domain [LFun (5,74±3,29 vs. - 1,67±3,36), HFun (-5,72±3,27 vs. 1,66±3,34) and LF/HF ratio (0,58±0,63 vs. - 0,109±0,64)] as in cardiovascular parameters SBP, DBP and HR and in geometric indexes TINN (-4,05±17,38 vs. 25,52±17,03) and SD1/SD2 ratio (0,03±0,02 vs. 0,00±0,02). Conclusion: We can conclude that 16 weeks of AIT was able to promote benefits effects on autonomic modulation of subjects with Mets, characterized by increase in parasympathetic and sympathetic modulation and in global variability. Cardiovascular parameters alterations were not evidenced with the AIT realization.
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Palavras-chave
Sistema nervoso autônomo, Síndrome metabólica, Síndrome X, Exercício, Autonomic nervous system, Metabolic syndrome, Syndrome X, Exercise