Defaunação e fragmentação florestal na Mata Atlântica Subtropical e suas consequências para a regeneração de Araucaria angustifolia
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Data
2017-06-13
Autores
Brocardo, Carlos Rodrigo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A ação humana tem levado ao declínio nas áreas cobertas por habitats naturais em todo mundo, levando consigo a perda de espécies e de interações ecológicas. Nesse contexto, com um mundo dominado pela presença humana, torna-se fundamental compreender como as espécies respondem a essas alterações, quais mecanismos permitem sua persistência, e como as suas interações ecológicas são afetadas. Nessa tese, com dados coletados entre 2013 e 2017, abordei dois temas, o primeiro busca compreender como fragmentação florestal atua na extinção e persistência de mastofauna (Capítulo II: Large forest remnants and connectivity explain mammal resilience in a landscape dominated by commodity croplands), e segundo busca avaliar como as interações com a árvore dominante (Araucaria angustifolia) no ecossistema de estudo são afetadas pela redução de habitat (Capítulo III: Forest fragmentation and selective logging affect the seed survival and recruitment of a relictual conifer). Os dados do Capítulo II foram coletados com armadilhamento fotográfico que somou mais de 8.236 câmeras-trap/dia, e os resultados indicaram o tamanho dos remanescentes como principal responsável pela manutenção da riqueza e biomassa de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Os dados do Capítulo III foram coletados com uma série de experimentos de remoção de sementes e amostragem de regeneração de A. angustifolia, com resultados indicando o tamanho do fragmento e abundância de A. angustifolia como principais variáveis explanatórias em explicar as taxas de remoção de sementes, bem como a regeneração dessa espécie.
Humans have been occupying almost all ecosystems in the world, directly causing loss of species and ecological interactions. In this context, with a world dominated by humans, it is fundamental understanding how species respond to this changes, what mechanisms allow their persistence and how ecological interactions are affected. In this thesis, with data collected between 2013 and 2017, I addressed two themes, in the first one I investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on extinction and persistence of mammals (Chapter II: Large forest remnants and connectivity explain mammal resilience in a landscape dominated by commodity croplands), and in second theme, I evaluated how interactions with the dominant tree (Araucaria angustifolia) are affected by habitat reduction (Chapter III: Forest fragmentation and selective logging affect seed survival and recruitment of relictual conifer). The data of Chapter II were collected with camera trap sampling that added more than 8,236 camera-traps / day, and the results indicated the size of the remnants as the main predictor of richness and biomass of large and medium-sized mammals. The data of Chapter III were collected with seed removal experiments and sampling of A. angustifolia regeneration. The results indicated the fragment size and A. angustifolia abundance as main explanatory variables for explaining the rates of seed removal, as well as the regeneration of this species.
Humans have been occupying almost all ecosystems in the world, directly causing loss of species and ecological interactions. In this context, with a world dominated by humans, it is fundamental understanding how species respond to this changes, what mechanisms allow their persistence and how ecological interactions are affected. In this thesis, with data collected between 2013 and 2017, I addressed two themes, in the first one I investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on extinction and persistence of mammals (Chapter II: Large forest remnants and connectivity explain mammal resilience in a landscape dominated by commodity croplands), and in second theme, I evaluated how interactions with the dominant tree (Araucaria angustifolia) are affected by habitat reduction (Chapter III: Forest fragmentation and selective logging affect seed survival and recruitment of relictual conifer). The data of Chapter II were collected with camera trap sampling that added more than 8,236 camera-traps / day, and the results indicated the size of the remnants as the main predictor of richness and biomass of large and medium-sized mammals. The data of Chapter III were collected with seed removal experiments and sampling of A. angustifolia regeneration. The results indicated the fragment size and A. angustifolia abundance as main explanatory variables for explaining the rates of seed removal, as well as the regeneration of this species.
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Palavras-chave
Floresta vazia, Caça, Floresta ombrófila mista, Interação animal-planta, Dasyprocta azarae, Empty forest, Poaching, Araucaria moist forest, Animal-plant interaction