Coordenação entre os instrumentos das políticas de ciência e tecnologia e ambientais na Europa e no Brasil (2000-2014)
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Data
2017-05-31
Autores
Ruy, Lucas Seneme [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As inovações ambientais são a base para direcionar todas as atividades rumo à economia verde, que é considerado o novo paradigma técnico-econômico, sendo capaz de transformar toda a base de conhecimentos pré-estabelecida e, consequentemente, incentivar a tomada de decisão dos agentes em prol deste tipo de inovação, benéfica tanto economicamente quanto ambientalmente. O mercado é importante para este direcionamento, mas pode ser ineficiente ou vagaroso demais nesta transição de base científica, o que justifica a intervenção de outros agentes da sociedade, entre eles, o Estado. O Estado consegue estimular as inovações ambientais realizando uma abordagem integrada entre políticas de ciência e tecnologia e políticas ambientais. Para isso, é necessário estímulos aos setores mais limpos e punir (ou estimular inovações ambientais) dentro de atividades poluentes. O objetivo do trabalho é averiguar se há esta sinergia entre estas políticas no Brasil em comparação com países selecionados da Europa, que apresentaram bom desempenho em relação a geração e difusão de inovações ambientais. Os resultados constataram que há um grande distanciamento do Brasil frente a Europa em relação as políticas de ciência e tecnologia e ambientais voltadas a inovações ambientais, bem como a baixa utilização de estímulos econômicos, impactando diretamente no desempenho das inovações ambientais brasileiras.
Environmental innovations are the basis for directing all economic activities towards green economy, which is considered to be a new techno-economic paradigm and capable of transforming the entire pre-established knowledge base and therefore, encouraging the agents decision making to be in favor of these innovations, which are, at the same time, beneficial both economically and environmentally. Market is fundamental for this direction; however, it might be inefficient or slow in this transition of scientific basis, which justifies the intervention of other society agents, among them, the State. The State is able to promote environmental innovations by creating an integrated approach between science and technology policies and environmental policies. In order to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to encourage the cleaner sectors and discourage polluting activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate how synergistic are the science and technology policies and environmental policies in Brazil in comparison to those in Europe, which presented a good performance regarding generation and diffusion of environmental innovations. Results showed that there is a great distance from Brazil and Europe when considering science and technology policies and environmental policies directed to environmental innovations. Moreover, Brazil has a poor use of economic instruments, which reflects directly on Brazilian environmental innovations performance.
Environmental innovations are the basis for directing all economic activities towards green economy, which is considered to be a new techno-economic paradigm and capable of transforming the entire pre-established knowledge base and therefore, encouraging the agents decision making to be in favor of these innovations, which are, at the same time, beneficial both economically and environmentally. Market is fundamental for this direction; however, it might be inefficient or slow in this transition of scientific basis, which justifies the intervention of other society agents, among them, the State. The State is able to promote environmental innovations by creating an integrated approach between science and technology policies and environmental policies. In order to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to encourage the cleaner sectors and discourage polluting activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate how synergistic are the science and technology policies and environmental policies in Brazil in comparison to those in Europe, which presented a good performance regarding generation and diffusion of environmental innovations. Results showed that there is a great distance from Brazil and Europe when considering science and technology policies and environmental policies directed to environmental innovations. Moreover, Brazil has a poor use of economic instruments, which reflects directly on Brazilian environmental innovations performance.
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Palavras-chave
Inovação ambiental, Política ambiental, Política de ciência e tecnologia, Eco-innovation, Environmental policy, Science and technology policy