Análise da ingestão alimentar e amilase salivar de adolescentes obesos submetidos a um programa de tratamento
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Data
2017-06-13
Autores
Brunholi, Claudia de Carvalho [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública mundial, caracterizada como uma doença crônica inflamatória e além de estar associada à diversas complicações, tem acometido cada vez mais crianças e adolescentes. A obesidade pode ser causada por fatores genéticos e comportamentais e, dentre os comportamentais, a ingestão alimentar inadequada e a pratica insuficiente de exercício físico são os mais comuns. Devido ao intenso desenvolvimento que ocorre durante a adolescência, os hábitos cotidianos podem ser influenciados, em especial, os hábitos alimentares. A amilase salivar é uma enzima que digere os carboidratos (CHO) em partículas menores ainda na cavidade oral e tem sido considerada um potente marcador biológico envolvido na ingestão alimentar devido sua ação sobre a percepção do gosto dos alimentos, as preferências alimentares e a resposta glicêmica e insulínica pós-prandial. Para tratar a obesidade, a orientação nutricional e a prática de exercício físico sistematizada é cada vez mais indicada e, dentre as modalidades de exercício, o intervalado de alta intensidade (high intensity interval training - HIIT) tem sido eficaz para reduzir gordura corporal. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar e correlacionar a ingestão alimentar, a concentração de amilase salivar e gordura corporal de adolescentes obesos submetidos a um programa de tratamento para obesidade. Adolescentes obesos (IMC= 33,82 ±6,23 Kg/m2; n= 21, 13,83 ±1,85 anos) de ambos os gêneros realizaram avaliação da composição corporal e maturação sexual, exames bioquímicos de saliva e sangue, questionários alimentares e nível de escolaridade dos pais e teste de esforço máximo pré e pós programa. O programa de tratamento foi composto por 20 semanas de orientação nutricional e 16 semanas de HIIT. A ingestão alimentar (calorias, CHO, lipídios, ácido graxo polinsaturado, fibra) e o percentual de gordura corporal reduziram após a realização do programa, e se correlacionaram com a concentração de amilase salivar, tanto pré quanto pós programa. Conclui-se que, após a realização do programa de tratamento para obesidade, houve redução na ingestão alimentar e no percentual de gordura corporal de adolescentes obesos, e essas variáveis se correlacionam entre si e com a concentração de amilase salivar.
Obesity is a worldwide public health problem, characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease and in addition to being associated with several complications, has been affecting more and more children and adolescents. Obesity can be caused by genetic and behavioral factors and, among the behavioral ones, inadequate food intake and insufficient physical exercise are the most common. Due to the intense development that occurs during adolescence, daily habits can be influenced, especially, eating habits. Salivary amylase is an enzyme that digests carbohydrates (CHO) into smaller particles still in the oral cavity and has been considered a potent enzyme involved in food intake due to its action on the perception of food taste, food preferences and glycemic response, and Postprandial insulin. To address obesity, nutritional counseling and the practice of systematic exercise are increasingly indicated and, among the exercise modalities, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has been effective in reducing body fat. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze and correlate food intake, salivary amylase concentration and body fat of obese adolescents submitted to a treatment program. Obese adolescents (BMI= 33,82 ± 6,23 kg/m2 , n= 21, 13,83± 1,85 years) of both genders performed body composition and sexual maturation, biochemical saliva and blood tests, questionnaires food intake and parental education level and maximum pre and post-program effort test. The treatment program consisted of 20 weeks of nutritional counseling and 16 weeks of HIIT. Food intake (calories, CHO, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, fiber) and body fat percentage decreased after the program was performed, and correlated with the salivary amylase concentration, both at the beginning and at the end of the program. It was concluded that, after the obesity treatment program, there was a reduction in dietary intake and body fat percentage of obese adolescents, and these variables correlate with each other and with the concentration of salivary amylase.
Obesity is a worldwide public health problem, characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease and in addition to being associated with several complications, has been affecting more and more children and adolescents. Obesity can be caused by genetic and behavioral factors and, among the behavioral ones, inadequate food intake and insufficient physical exercise are the most common. Due to the intense development that occurs during adolescence, daily habits can be influenced, especially, eating habits. Salivary amylase is an enzyme that digests carbohydrates (CHO) into smaller particles still in the oral cavity and has been considered a potent enzyme involved in food intake due to its action on the perception of food taste, food preferences and glycemic response, and Postprandial insulin. To address obesity, nutritional counseling and the practice of systematic exercise are increasingly indicated and, among the exercise modalities, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has been effective in reducing body fat. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze and correlate food intake, salivary amylase concentration and body fat of obese adolescents submitted to a treatment program. Obese adolescents (BMI= 33,82 ± 6,23 kg/m2 , n= 21, 13,83± 1,85 years) of both genders performed body composition and sexual maturation, biochemical saliva and blood tests, questionnaires food intake and parental education level and maximum pre and post-program effort test. The treatment program consisted of 20 weeks of nutritional counseling and 16 weeks of HIIT. Food intake (calories, CHO, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, fiber) and body fat percentage decreased after the program was performed, and correlated with the salivary amylase concentration, both at the beginning and at the end of the program. It was concluded that, after the obesity treatment program, there was a reduction in dietary intake and body fat percentage of obese adolescents, and these variables correlate with each other and with the concentration of salivary amylase.
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Palavras-chave
Obesidade, Adolescência, Ingestão alimentar, Amilase salivar, Exercício físico, Obesity, Adolescence, Food intake, Salivary amylase, Physical exercise