Avaliação econômica de sistemas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar na região de Jaú-SP
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Data
2017-05-24
Autores
Afonso, Paulo Fernando do Nascimento [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Apesar do método de plantio semimecanizado ou mecanizado por esparrame de cana-tolete ainda ser o mais realizado no país, ao longo dos últimos anos surgiram novas tecnologias de propagação de mudas que demandam diferentes operações de plantio. Uma delas é o sistema de mudas pré-brotadas. Para que este sistema seja adotado, é necessário que os custos sejam inferiores aos sistemas atualmente em vigor no setor. O sistema de mudas pré-brotadas permite a redução do consumo de mudas, que cai de 20 t ha-1 no plantio mecanizado para 2 t ha-1 no sistema de mudas pré-brotadas, mas implica em maiores investimentos em infraestrutura e organização da produção. Cada um dos sistemas de plantio apresenta diferentes custos para a formação das mudas e diferentes custos operacionais de plantio em área comercial. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o custo de quatro sistemas de plantio desde a produção da muda até o plantio comercial. O estudo foi conduzido na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (UPD) de Jaú/SP, da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) Polo Centro-Oeste. As informações de preços utilizados para a formação dos custos dos viveiros e dos sistemas de plantio tem como base o mês de julho/2016. Foi necessário o levantamento em diversas fontes de dados para identificar os coeficientes técnicos de cada sistema, desde a obtenção da muda até a operação de plantio. Os resultados dos custos dos sistemas foram organizados em dois grupos diferentes: 1) custo de formação de viveiros e custo da operação de plantio nos sistemas semimecanizado e mecanizado (com plantadora ou distribuidora) em área comercial e, 2) custo de formação de mudas pré-brotadas no viveiro matriz, casa de vegetação e custo operacional de plantio de mudas pré-brotadas em área comercial. Pelos resultados obtidos, quando se analisa o ciclo de formação dos viveiros e o plantio comercial, o sistema de plantio de mudas pré-brotadas foi o que apresentou a menor custo, com valor de R$ 16.656,67 ha-1 comparado aos sistemas de plantio semimecanizado, com valor de R$ R$ 26.029,88 ha-1, mecanizado com plantadora, R$ 25.574,92 ha-1 e mecanizado com distribuidora, R$ 25.826,33 ha-1 . Estes resultados são válidos em regiões onde o regime hídrico é adequado pois não foram considerados possíveis custos com irrigação das mudas.
Although the semi-mechanized or mechanized planting method for sugar cane spread is still the most accomplished in the country, in the last years new seed propagation technologies have appeared that demand different planting operations. One of these is the system of pre-pre-sprouted seedlings. For this system to be adopted, it is necessary that the costs are lower than the systems currently in force in the sector. The system of pre-sprouted seedlings allows the reduction of seedlings consumption, which falls from 20 t ha-1 in mechanized planting to 2 t ha-1 in the pre-sprouted seedlings system, but implies greater investments in infrastructure and organization of production. Each of the planting systems presents different costs for the formation of seedlings and different operational costs of planting in commercial area. The objective of this work is to compare the cost of four planting systems from seedling production to commercial planting. The study was conducted at the Research and Development Unit (UPD) of Jaú / SP, of the São Paulo Agribusiness Technology Agency (APTA) in the Central-West Pole. The price information used for the costing of nurseries and planting systems is based on July / 2016. It was necessary to survey several data sources to identify the technical coefficients of each system, from obtaining the seedling to the planting operation. The cost results of the systems were organized into two different groups: 1) nursery formation cost and cost of planting operation in semimechanized and mechanized systems (with planter or distributor) in commercial area and, 2) cost of training of pre-sprouted seedlings in the nursery, greenhouse and operational cost of planting pre-sprouted seedlings in commercial area. From the results obtained, when analyzing the nursery formation cycle and the commercial plantation, the planting system of pre-sprouted seedlings was the one that presented the lowest cost, with a value of R$ 16.656,67 ha-1 compared to semi-mechanized planting systems, with a value of R$ 26.029,88 ha-1, mechanized with planter, R$25.574,92 ha-1 and mechanized with distributor, R$ 25.826,33 ha-1. These results are valid in regions where the water regime is adequate since no irrigation costs of the seedlings were considered.
Although the semi-mechanized or mechanized planting method for sugar cane spread is still the most accomplished in the country, in the last years new seed propagation technologies have appeared that demand different planting operations. One of these is the system of pre-pre-sprouted seedlings. For this system to be adopted, it is necessary that the costs are lower than the systems currently in force in the sector. The system of pre-sprouted seedlings allows the reduction of seedlings consumption, which falls from 20 t ha-1 in mechanized planting to 2 t ha-1 in the pre-sprouted seedlings system, but implies greater investments in infrastructure and organization of production. Each of the planting systems presents different costs for the formation of seedlings and different operational costs of planting in commercial area. The objective of this work is to compare the cost of four planting systems from seedling production to commercial planting. The study was conducted at the Research and Development Unit (UPD) of Jaú / SP, of the São Paulo Agribusiness Technology Agency (APTA) in the Central-West Pole. The price information used for the costing of nurseries and planting systems is based on July / 2016. It was necessary to survey several data sources to identify the technical coefficients of each system, from obtaining the seedling to the planting operation. The cost results of the systems were organized into two different groups: 1) nursery formation cost and cost of planting operation in semimechanized and mechanized systems (with planter or distributor) in commercial area and, 2) cost of training of pre-sprouted seedlings in the nursery, greenhouse and operational cost of planting pre-sprouted seedlings in commercial area. From the results obtained, when analyzing the nursery formation cycle and the commercial plantation, the planting system of pre-sprouted seedlings was the one that presented the lowest cost, with a value of R$ 16.656,67 ha-1 compared to semi-mechanized planting systems, with a value of R$ 26.029,88 ha-1, mechanized with planter, R$25.574,92 ha-1 and mechanized with distributor, R$ 25.826,33 ha-1. These results are valid in regions where the water regime is adequate since no irrigation costs of the seedlings were considered.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avaliação econômica, Saccharum spp, Muda pré-brotada, Economic evaluation, Pre-sprouted seedlings