Semeadura de milho: mecanismos dosadores e ângulos de abertura de sulcos em função da velocidade
Carregando...
Data
2017-07-26
Autores
Ormond, Antonio Tassio Santana [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As operações agrícolas realizadas de maneira adequada conseguem elevar as produtividades e consequentemente os lucros de uma propriedade. Entre essas operações a semeadura deve receber alto grau de importância, por se tratar da etapa em que se lançam mão dos insumos mais caros da produção, as sementes e o adubo. As semeadoras-adubadoras devem realizar o corte da palhada para a abertura do sulco de semeadura e a deposição das sementes em espaçamentos pré-determinados e a sobreposição correta dessas sementes com solo. Nesse sentido foram realizados três estudos o primeiro com o intuito de avaliar o comportamento dos mecanismos dosadores em função das velocidades de deslocamento por meio do controle estatístico do processo. O segundo, os mecanismos dosadores que se destacaram pela avaliação da qualidade do processo foram avaliados seu comportamento pelo teste de regressão, Já o terceiro buscou-se avaliar o comportamento do mecanismo de abertura do sulco influenciado pelas velocidades analisadas. No primeiro foi possível observar a menor velocidade de trabalho apresentou melhor qualidade, ou seja, menor variabilidade dos indicadores de qualidade monitorados. Para o segundo estudo constatou-se que interação dosador B com as velocidades V1, V2 e V3 apresentaram as maiores populações de plantas e porcentagens de espaçamentos normais, as velocidade superiores influenciaram de maneira significativa esses parâmetros. No terceiro, a velocidade intermediária (9,1 km h-1) apresentou maior área mobilizada e profundidade de sulco, assim, como também o menor ângulo de sulco, porém, a velocidade de 6,5 km h-1 apresentou maior população de plantas e maior produtividade. Por fim é possível concluir que tanto o mecanismo de abertura do sulco como o dosador de sementes são influenciados pela velocidade de deslocamento do conjunto trator-semeadora.
The operations performed of adequate way can raise yield and consequently the profits of a property. Among these operations sowing should receive a high degree of importance, because it is the stage in which the are used most expensive inputs of the production, seeds and fertilizer. Seeders should perform cutting of the straw to the opening of the sowing groove and the deposition of the seeds at predetermined spacings and the correct overlap of these seeds with soil. In this sense, three studies were carried out in order to evaluate the behavior of the metering mechanisms in function of the displacement speed through the statistical control of the process. The second, the metering mechanisms that highlighted by the evaluation of the quality of the process were evaluated its behavior by the regression test.While the third one sought to evaluate the behavior of the opening mechanism of the groove influenced by the speeds analyzed. In the first one it was possible to observe the lower speed of work presented better quality, that is, lower variability of the quality indicators monitored. For the second study, it was found that the interaction between the doser B and the speeds V1, V2 and V3 showed the highest plant populations and normal spacing percentages, the higher velocities had a significant influence on these parameters. In the third, intermediate speed (9.1 km h-1 ), showed a greater mobilized area and furrow depth, as well as a smaller furrow angle. However, the speed of 6.5 km h-1 presented a larger plant population and productivity. Finally, it is possible to conclude that both the furrow opening mechanism and the seed metering mechanism are influenced by the speed of movement of the tractor-seeder set.
The operations performed of adequate way can raise yield and consequently the profits of a property. Among these operations sowing should receive a high degree of importance, because it is the stage in which the are used most expensive inputs of the production, seeds and fertilizer. Seeders should perform cutting of the straw to the opening of the sowing groove and the deposition of the seeds at predetermined spacings and the correct overlap of these seeds with soil. In this sense, three studies were carried out in order to evaluate the behavior of the metering mechanisms in function of the displacement speed through the statistical control of the process. The second, the metering mechanisms that highlighted by the evaluation of the quality of the process were evaluated its behavior by the regression test.While the third one sought to evaluate the behavior of the opening mechanism of the groove influenced by the speeds analyzed. In the first one it was possible to observe the lower speed of work presented better quality, that is, lower variability of the quality indicators monitored. For the second study, it was found that the interaction between the doser B and the speeds V1, V2 and V3 showed the highest plant populations and normal spacing percentages, the higher velocities had a significant influence on these parameters. In the third, intermediate speed (9.1 km h-1 ), showed a greater mobilized area and furrow depth, as well as a smaller furrow angle. However, the speed of 6.5 km h-1 presented a larger plant population and productivity. Finally, it is possible to conclude that both the furrow opening mechanism and the seed metering mechanism are influenced by the speed of movement of the tractor-seeder set.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Área mobilizada, Características agronômicas, Controle estatístico do processo