Indicadores de depressão pós-parto, ansiedade e estresse maternos: influências sobre a interação mãe-bebê
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Data
2017-07-14
Autores
Mangili, Verônica Rodrigues [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A saúde emocional materna pode ser estudada com base em indicadores de depressão pós-parto, ansiedade e estresse maternos, a literatura investiga os impactos desses constructos sobre a interação mãe-bebê e desenvolvimento infantil. As mães com indicadores clínicos tendem a estabelecer uma interação inadequada para com seus bebês, o que altera também as respostas dessas crianças. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os comportamentos interativos maternos e do bebê a partir do FFSF (Face-to-Face Still Face), procedimento experimental de nove minutos de interação mãe-bebê, divididos em três episódios. A amostra foi composta por 47 mães e bebês de 3 a 5 meses de idade, que participavam do projeto de extensão “Acompanhamento do Desenvolvimento de Bebês: Avaliação e Orientação aos Pais”. O trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos, o primeiro comparou os comportamentos interativos de mães sem indicadores emocionais clínicos (G1) dos comportamentos interativos de mães com indicadores emocionais clínicos (G2), além da comparação dos comportamentos maternos entre os episódios. Os resultados destacaram que mães de G1 interagiram mais com seus bebês, tanto positiva, quanto negativamente. A comparação entre os episódios demonstrou que ambos os grupos interagiram mais no episódio um e retomaram parcialmente a interação no episódio três. O estudo dois comparou as médias dos comportamentos interativos dos bebês de G1 (bebês de mães sem indicadores emocionais) e G2 (bebês de mães com indicadores emocionais). Os bebês de G2 emitiram mais comportamentos negativos durante os episódios um e dois, e os bebês de G1 emitiram mais comportamentos positivos nesses episódios. Os comportamentos de regulação foram mais frequentes no episódio dois, pelos bebês de G2. A comparação das médias dos comportamentos entre os episódios do FFSF indicou que ambos os grupos de bebês sofreram o efeito Still Face, à medida que diminuíram a emissão de comportamentos positivos e aumentaram a frequência de comportamentos negativos e de regulação. Os resultados obtidos contribuem com o estofo teórico sobre o tema e podem embasar programas de intervenção sobre a interação mãe-bebê. Apesar disso, são necessários trabalhos com maiores amostras, que isolem algumas variáveis e com diferentes instrumentos de avaliação para confirmar os dados apresentados.
The literature has been studying the maternal emotional health as a variable that may influence the child development and the interactions between mother and baby. High indexes of postpartum depression, anxiety and stress in mothers may change their behaviors, establishing inadequate interaction with their infants. This research has the goal of investigate maternal and baby`s behaviors at the experimental paradigm Face-to-Face Still Face, that is a filming of nine minutes, shared in three episodes. 47 mothers and babies composed the sample; these babies were 3, 4, or 5 months old. They participated of extension project “Accompaniment of babies’ development: evaluation and guidance for parents”. At the first episodes, the mother interacted usually with her child. At the second episode, the mother didn´t interact with the baby, keeping expressionless. It was organized in two studies. The first one compared the maternal interactive behaviors from mothers without clinical emotional indexes (G1) and from mothers with clinical emotional indexes (G2), besides the comparison between the maternal´s behaviors at the episodes. The results showed that mothers of G1 issued more positive and negative behaviors. Mothers of G2 had some difficult to resume the interaction after the second episode, it may be the Still Face effect. All the mothers interacted more at the first episode than the third episode. The second study compared infant´s behaviors from babies of mothers without clinical emotional indexes (G1) and from babies of mothers with clinical emotional indicators (G2). The results presented that during the first and second episodes, babies of G1 issued more positive behaviors and babies of G2 issued more negative and self-comfort behaviors. The comparison of the behaviors at the three episodes showed that all babies suffered the Still Face effect, since a frequency increase of negative and self-comfort behaviors and a frequency decrease of the positive behaviors were observed at the Still Face episode. These results contribute to theoretical baggage about the subject and could base interventions on mothers and baby interactions. However, studies with larger sample and different evaluation instruments are necessary to confirm all data get at this research.
The literature has been studying the maternal emotional health as a variable that may influence the child development and the interactions between mother and baby. High indexes of postpartum depression, anxiety and stress in mothers may change their behaviors, establishing inadequate interaction with their infants. This research has the goal of investigate maternal and baby`s behaviors at the experimental paradigm Face-to-Face Still Face, that is a filming of nine minutes, shared in three episodes. 47 mothers and babies composed the sample; these babies were 3, 4, or 5 months old. They participated of extension project “Accompaniment of babies’ development: evaluation and guidance for parents”. At the first episodes, the mother interacted usually with her child. At the second episode, the mother didn´t interact with the baby, keeping expressionless. It was organized in two studies. The first one compared the maternal interactive behaviors from mothers without clinical emotional indexes (G1) and from mothers with clinical emotional indexes (G2), besides the comparison between the maternal´s behaviors at the episodes. The results showed that mothers of G1 issued more positive and negative behaviors. Mothers of G2 had some difficult to resume the interaction after the second episode, it may be the Still Face effect. All the mothers interacted more at the first episode than the third episode. The second study compared infant´s behaviors from babies of mothers without clinical emotional indexes (G1) and from babies of mothers with clinical emotional indicators (G2). The results presented that during the first and second episodes, babies of G1 issued more positive behaviors and babies of G2 issued more negative and self-comfort behaviors. The comparison of the behaviors at the three episodes showed that all babies suffered the Still Face effect, since a frequency increase of negative and self-comfort behaviors and a frequency decrease of the positive behaviors were observed at the Still Face episode. These results contribute to theoretical baggage about the subject and could base interventions on mothers and baby interactions. However, studies with larger sample and different evaluation instruments are necessary to confirm all data get at this research.
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Palavras-chave
Saúde emocional materna, Interação mãe-bebê, Desenvolvimento infantil, Maternal emotional health, Interaction mother and baby, Child development