Representação e perspectiva étnico-racial no Poder Legislativo: um estudo das propostas político partidária entre 2011 e 2015
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Data
2016-12-21
Autores
Santos, Paulo Edson Lima dos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a perspectiva social da população negra na representação política em instâncias decisórias e identificar um reflexo da agenda de luta antirracista. A partir do conceito de representação especial de grupo, de Iris Marion Young, este trabalho buscou identificar, em prerrogativas do agente político, o encaminhamento de demandas sociais. A perspectiva social dos grupos sub-representados pode ser reconhecida na ação e no exercício de representar. Além de reconhecer uma agenda de luta antirracista da população oprimida, foram identificadas diretrizes institucionais que remetem ao reconhecimento e à representação, mas que esbarram ainda na estrutura que edifica desigualdades socioestruturais na sociedade brasileira. Nesse sentido, a instituição política permanece em busca de mudanças significativas na dinâmica social da população. Os diversos indicadores de vulnerabilidade da população negra brasileira, no entanto, indicam uma marginalização social, econômica e, sobretudo, política. Para qualificar esta análise, tornou-se necessário conceber a perspectiva sócio-histórica do negro, a partir dos estudos de Florestan Fernandes e Carlos Hasenbalg, além de apresentar uma configuração geral do movimento negro organizado na construção da agenda antirracista. Fez-se indispensável também considerar as diretrizes jurídicas para espelhar o reconhecimento e qualificar a hipótese da sub-representação, ao passo que se verificam o exercício no Congresso Nacional e as diretrizes partidárias. A coleta de dados consistiu-se na pesquisa realizada no portal da Câmara dos Deputados, nas atividades legislativas, nos projetos de leis e em outras proposições com o intuito de buscar por um conjunto de termos que abrangesse a temática racial. A representação política negra foi evidenciada na atuação dos agentes políticos nos projetos de leis e em outras proposições na atividade parlamentar, entre 2011 e 2015, no Congresso Nacional, com intuito de verificar o reconhecimento da perspectiva social. Em síntese, comprova-se um cenário de sub-representação, mesmo diante de elementos e diretrizes que rementem a uma agenda de luta antirracista, tanto nas diretrizes constitucionais quanto nas diretrizes partidárias. Apesar disso, a ação dos agentes políticos está sendo responsiva conforme os princípios de representação democrática.
The objective of this work is to discuss the social perspective of the black population in political representation in decision-making bodies and to identify a reflection of the antiracist agenda. From the concept of special group representation, by Iris Marion Young, this work search for identify, in the prerogatives of the political agent, the referral of social demands. The social perspective of underrepresented groups can be recognized in action and in the exercise of representing. Besides acknowledging an agenda of antiracist struggle of the oppressed population, institutional guidelines were identified that refer to recognition and representation, but which still run into the structure that builds socio-structural inequalities in Brazilian society. In this sense, the political institution remains looking for significant changes in the social dynamics of the population. Several indicators of vulnerability of the Brazilian black population, however, indicate a social, economic and, above all, political marginalization. In order to qualify this analysis, it became necessary to conceive the socio-historical perspective of the black, from the studies of Florestan Fernandes and Carlos Hasenbalg, besides presenting a general configuration of the black movement organized in the construction of the anti-racist agenda. It was also necessary to consider the legal guidelines to mirror the recognition and qualify the hypothesis of under-representation, while the exercise in the National Congress and the party guidelines are verified. The data collection consisted of the research carried out on the portal of the House of representatives, in legislative activities, in draft bills and in other propositions with the intention of searching for a set of terms that covered the racial theme. The black political representation was evidenced in the performance of the political agents in the draft legislation and in other proposals in the parliamentary activity, between 2011 and 2015, in the National Congress, in order to verify the recognition of the social perspective. In summary, a scenario of under-representation is proven, even facing of elements and guidelines that refer to an anti-racist agenda, both in the constitutional guidelines and in the party guidelines. Nevertheless, the action of political agents is being responsive in accordance with the principles of democratic representation.
The objective of this work is to discuss the social perspective of the black population in political representation in decision-making bodies and to identify a reflection of the antiracist agenda. From the concept of special group representation, by Iris Marion Young, this work search for identify, in the prerogatives of the political agent, the referral of social demands. The social perspective of underrepresented groups can be recognized in action and in the exercise of representing. Besides acknowledging an agenda of antiracist struggle of the oppressed population, institutional guidelines were identified that refer to recognition and representation, but which still run into the structure that builds socio-structural inequalities in Brazilian society. In this sense, the political institution remains looking for significant changes in the social dynamics of the population. Several indicators of vulnerability of the Brazilian black population, however, indicate a social, economic and, above all, political marginalization. In order to qualify this analysis, it became necessary to conceive the socio-historical perspective of the black, from the studies of Florestan Fernandes and Carlos Hasenbalg, besides presenting a general configuration of the black movement organized in the construction of the anti-racist agenda. It was also necessary to consider the legal guidelines to mirror the recognition and qualify the hypothesis of under-representation, while the exercise in the National Congress and the party guidelines are verified. The data collection consisted of the research carried out on the portal of the House of representatives, in legislative activities, in draft bills and in other propositions with the intention of searching for a set of terms that covered the racial theme. The black political representation was evidenced in the performance of the political agents in the draft legislation and in other proposals in the parliamentary activity, between 2011 and 2015, in the National Congress, in order to verify the recognition of the social perspective. In summary, a scenario of under-representation is proven, even facing of elements and guidelines that refer to an anti-racist agenda, both in the constitutional guidelines and in the party guidelines. Nevertheless, the action of political agents is being responsive in accordance with the principles of democratic representation.
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Palavras-chave
Representação, Perspectiva étnico-racial, Agenda de luta antirracista, Poder Legislativo, Democracia, Representation, Ethnic-racial perspective, Anti-racist struggle agenda, Legislative Branch, Democracy