Respostas agronômicas e fitoquímicas de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. cv. CPQBA 2 em função de adubação orgânica e espaçamentos
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2017-06-30
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Este trabalho investigou pela primeira vez as respostas agronômicas e fitoquímicas das inflorescências e dos ramos de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. cv. CPQBA 2 (macela) submetida a cinco doses de adubo orgânico (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1) e dois espaçamentos (50 e 100 cm entre plantas e entre linhas). Procedeu-se, 457 dias após o transplantio (DAT), a colheita e análise dos dados de altura, biomassa seca (ramos e inflorescências), seguidas das análises laboratoriais: extração (p/p%) e análise das substancias químicas do óleo essencial (%) bem como sua atividade antibacteriana; teores de luteolina, 3-O-metilquercetina, quercetina, ácido cafeico, rutina e trans-ferúlico (mg/100g) do extrato hidroalcoólico, além das análises do teor de flavonoides e fenóis totais (mg/100g) durante quatro idades de coleta (150, 240, 320 e 457 DAT). Os dados de altura das plantas demonstram que o tratamento 30 t ha-1 se destacou (110,89 cm). O teor de biomassa seca das inflorescências apresentou diferença estatística significativa apenas para o menor espaçamento (1.267,33 kg ha-1). Em relação ao teor de óleo essencial das inflorescências houve destaque significativo apenas para o tratamento controle (0,2935%) e para os ramos houve diferença significativa o tratamento 30 t ha-1 (0,1086%). A correlação entre o acúmulo de óleo (L.ha-1) com o total de biomassa seca atingida (Kg.ha-1) foi calculada, sendo os teores de óleo dos ramos (19,33 L ha-1) maiores que os das inflorescências (3,34 L ha-1). Foram identificadas 30 substâncias químicas no óleo essencial, tanto das inflorescências como dos ramos. α-Pineno foi a principal substância química detectada tanto nas inflorescências (58,96%) como nos ramos (46,53%), seguida de β-cariofileno e α-humuleno. Os teores de flavonoides nos ramos oscilou durante as quatro idades de coleta. Foi encontrada significância na terceira coleta (320 DAT) no tratamento 60 t ha-1, no menor espaçamento (281,2 mg/100g). Já os teores de fenóis totais apresentaram diferença significativa entre as idades, sendo 240 DAT (154,48 mg/100g) a idade que se destacou. Dentre os polifenois analisados, 3-O-metilquercetina acumulou em maiores teores nas inflorescências, sendo a maior dose de adubo no maior espaçamento o tratamento que acumulou maior teor (329,45 mg/100g). Os resultados para atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais testados demonstraram que não houve inibição de Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli nas concentrações testadas. Pode-se inferir com estes resultados que as doses crescentes de adubo e os dois espaçamentos não foram capazes de aumentar gradativamente a capacidade produtiva para a maioria das variáveis testadas.
This work has investigated for the first time the agronomic and phytochemical responses from inflorescences and branches of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. cv. CPQBA 2 (macela) over five doses of organic fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 t ha-1) and two spacings (50 and 100 cm between plants and between rows). Harvest time were carried out, 457 days after transplanting (DAT), followed by laboratory analysis: extraction (w/w%) and analysis of chemicals substances from essential oil (%) as well as its antibacterial activity; luteolin, 3-O-methylquercetin, quercetin, caffeic acid, rutin and trans-ferulic acid (mg/100g) of the hydroalcoholic extract further the analyzes of the flavonoid and phenolic acid content (mg/100g) during four moments (150, 240, 320 and 457 DAT). Plant height data demonstrate that the 30 t ha-1 treatment stood out (110.89 cm). The dry biomass content of the inflorescences presented significant statistical difference only for the smallest spacing (1,267.33 kg ha-1). Regarding the essential oil content of the inflorescences, there was a significant difference only for the control treatment (0.2935%) and for the branches there was a significant difference in the treatment 30 t ha-1 (0.1086%). The correlation between the accumulation of oil (L.ha-1) and total dry biomass (Kg.ha-1) was calculated, with the oil contents of the branches (19,33 L ha-1) being higher than the inflorescences (3.34 L ha-1). Thirty chemicals substances were identified in the essential oil of inflorescences and branches. α-Pinene was the main chemical substance detected in inflorescences (58.96%) and branches (46.53%), followed by β-caryophyllene and α-humulene. The levels of flavonoids in the branches oscillated during the four collection moments. Significance was found in the third collection (320 DAT) in the treatment 60 t ha-1, in the smallest spacing (281.2 mg/100g). On the other hand, the phenolic acid contents presented significant difference between the ages, being 240 DAT (154.48 mg/100g) the moment that stood out. Among the polyphenols, 3-O-methylquercetin accumulated higher in inflorescence contents, with the highest dose of fertilizer in the largest spacing being the treatment with the highest content (329.45 mg/100g). The results for antibacterial activity of the essential oils tested showed no inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the concentrations tested. It can be inferred from these results that the increasing doses of fertilizer and the two spacings were not able to gradually increase the productive capacity for most of the variables tested.
This work has investigated for the first time the agronomic and phytochemical responses from inflorescences and branches of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. cv. CPQBA 2 (macela) over five doses of organic fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 t ha-1) and two spacings (50 and 100 cm between plants and between rows). Harvest time were carried out, 457 days after transplanting (DAT), followed by laboratory analysis: extraction (w/w%) and analysis of chemicals substances from essential oil (%) as well as its antibacterial activity; luteolin, 3-O-methylquercetin, quercetin, caffeic acid, rutin and trans-ferulic acid (mg/100g) of the hydroalcoholic extract further the analyzes of the flavonoid and phenolic acid content (mg/100g) during four moments (150, 240, 320 and 457 DAT). Plant height data demonstrate that the 30 t ha-1 treatment stood out (110.89 cm). The dry biomass content of the inflorescences presented significant statistical difference only for the smallest spacing (1,267.33 kg ha-1). Regarding the essential oil content of the inflorescences, there was a significant difference only for the control treatment (0.2935%) and for the branches there was a significant difference in the treatment 30 t ha-1 (0.1086%). The correlation between the accumulation of oil (L.ha-1) and total dry biomass (Kg.ha-1) was calculated, with the oil contents of the branches (19,33 L ha-1) being higher than the inflorescences (3.34 L ha-1). Thirty chemicals substances were identified in the essential oil of inflorescences and branches. α-Pinene was the main chemical substance detected in inflorescences (58.96%) and branches (46.53%), followed by β-caryophyllene and α-humulene. The levels of flavonoids in the branches oscillated during the four collection moments. Significance was found in the third collection (320 DAT) in the treatment 60 t ha-1, in the smallest spacing (281.2 mg/100g). On the other hand, the phenolic acid contents presented significant difference between the ages, being 240 DAT (154.48 mg/100g) the moment that stood out. Among the polyphenols, 3-O-methylquercetin accumulated higher in inflorescence contents, with the highest dose of fertilizer in the largest spacing being the treatment with the highest content (329.45 mg/100g). The results for antibacterial activity of the essential oils tested showed no inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the concentrations tested. It can be inferred from these results that the increasing doses of fertilizer and the two spacings were not able to gradually increase the productive capacity for most of the variables tested.
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Palavras-chave
Macela, Óleos essenciais, α-Pineno, 3-O-metilquercetina, Flavonoides, Ácidos fenólicos, Macela, Essential oils, α-Pinene, 3-O-methylquercetin, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids