Parâmetros para a padronização dos ensaios de colhedora de cana-de-açúcar para avaliação de seu desempenho energético
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-07-27
Autores
Drudi, Fernanda Scaranello [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar é de grande importância para o agronegócio brasileiro, sendo o Brasil o maior produtor mundial desta cultura. O sistema mecanizado na colheita da cana-de-açúcar é um dos fatores que contribuíram para o setor sucroenergético brasileiro ser mais sustentável com impactos positivos nas áreas ambientais, econômica, social e agronômica. O uso de metodologias se torna necessário para ensaiar as máquinas de forma concisa avaliando o seu desempenho operacional e a qualidade das operações agrícolas auxiliando nas tomadas de decisões operacionais, administrativas e financeiras. No âmbito da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) não existe norma para a realização de ensaios com colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar com procedimentos padronizados, o que dificultam as comparações entre os resultados de diferentes ensaios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar os parâmetros para a padronização dos ensaios de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar, com base na metodologia utilizada pelo Núcleo de Ensaio de Máquinas e Pneus Agroflorestais (Nempa) da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) da Unesp de Botucatu, oriundos de trabalhos realizados por diversos autores, utilizando como fatores de avaliação o desempenho operacional e a qualidade da colheita. Foram utilizados dados de diversos relatórios de ensaio de campo que utilizaram a mesma metodologia, em diferentes localidades no país e no exterior, com colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar de uma e duas linhas, para diferentes produtividades agrícolas, portes do canavial, declividades do terreno, velocidades de deslocamento e rotação do motor. Os indicadores de qualidade e desempenho avaliados durante o trabalho foram o consumo de combustível, as perdas visíveis de matéria-prima no campo, a matéria estranha de origens vegetal e mineral, a altura das soqueiras e os danos e os abalos às soqueiras. A produtividade agrícola do canavial e a velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora influíram nos resultados dos indicadores avaliados durante o trabalho. A metodologia utilizada no ensaio de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar à campo apresentou resultados compatíveis entre si e com a bibliografia consultada, mostrando ser uma técnica confiável em relação aos parâmetros avaliados, tanto para colhedoras de uma linha como para de duas linhas.
The sugarcane is of great importance for the Brazilian agribusiness. Brazil is the world largest producer of this crop. The mechanized system in the harvest of sugarcane is one of the factors that contributed to the Brazilian sugar-energy sector being more sustainable with positive impacts in the environmental, economic, social and agronomic areas. The use of methodologies becomes necessary to test the machines in a concise way by assessing their operational performance and the quality of agricultural operations, assisting in decision making operational, administrative and financial perspective. In the context of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) there is no standard for testing with chopping of sugar cane with standardized procedures, which make the comparisons between the results of various tests. The objective of this work was to present the parameters for the standardization of the tests of chopping of sugarcane, based on the methodology used by the Center for Testing of machines and Agroforestry Tires (Nempa) of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA) of UNESP, Botucatu, arising from work carried out by several authors, using as factors for evaluating the operational performance and harvest quality. We used data from several test reports of field that used the same methodology, in different locations in the country and abroad, with harvesting of sugarcane one and two lines for different agricultural yields, sizes of rushes, slope of the terrain, travel speed and rotation of the motor. The quality indicators and performance assessed during the study were the fuel consumption, the visible losses in the field, the strange matter of vegetable origin and mineral, the height of the stumps of the ratoon and its damage and shocks. The agricultural productivity of sugarcane field and the speed of displacement of the harvester influenced on the results of the indicators evaluated during the study. The methodology used in the testing of sugarcane harvesters in the field presented compatible results among themselves and with the bibliography consulted, showing it to be a reliable technique in relation to the parameters evaluated, for both one and two lines of sugarcane harvesters.
The sugarcane is of great importance for the Brazilian agribusiness. Brazil is the world largest producer of this crop. The mechanized system in the harvest of sugarcane is one of the factors that contributed to the Brazilian sugar-energy sector being more sustainable with positive impacts in the environmental, economic, social and agronomic areas. The use of methodologies becomes necessary to test the machines in a concise way by assessing their operational performance and the quality of agricultural operations, assisting in decision making operational, administrative and financial perspective. In the context of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) there is no standard for testing with chopping of sugar cane with standardized procedures, which make the comparisons between the results of various tests. The objective of this work was to present the parameters for the standardization of the tests of chopping of sugarcane, based on the methodology used by the Center for Testing of machines and Agroforestry Tires (Nempa) of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA) of UNESP, Botucatu, arising from work carried out by several authors, using as factors for evaluating the operational performance and harvest quality. We used data from several test reports of field that used the same methodology, in different locations in the country and abroad, with harvesting of sugarcane one and two lines for different agricultural yields, sizes of rushes, slope of the terrain, travel speed and rotation of the motor. The quality indicators and performance assessed during the study were the fuel consumption, the visible losses in the field, the strange matter of vegetable origin and mineral, the height of the stumps of the ratoon and its damage and shocks. The agricultural productivity of sugarcane field and the speed of displacement of the harvester influenced on the results of the indicators evaluated during the study. The methodology used in the testing of sugarcane harvesters in the field presented compatible results among themselves and with the bibliography consulted, showing it to be a reliable technique in relation to the parameters evaluated, for both one and two lines of sugarcane harvesters.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Metodologia descritiva, Colheita mecanizada, Desempenho operacional, Descriptive methodology, Mechanized harvest, Operational performance