Macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes na remoção de elementos químicos de água residuária
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2017-08-16
Autores
Coelho, José Carlos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Contribuindo com o desenvolvimento sustentável dentro da proposta de utilizar sistemas naturais de tratamentos de baixo custo, a fim de promover uma alternativa biológica e limpa, conhecer os parâmetros físico-químicos que podem influenciar o desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes, é imprescindível conhecer a dinâmica desses vegetais no ambiente ou em meio artificial. Com isso, tendo como hipótese que a espécie de maior biomassa remove uma maior quantidade de elementos químicos, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi embasado no potencial de três espécies de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata em remover os elementos químicos de água residuária. O trabalho de pesquisa foi instalado em casa de vegetação, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA, Campus de Botucatu/UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu-SP, latitude 22º 51’S, longitude 48º 26’W Grw, e altitude de 740 m em casa de vegetação de polipropileno. Foram realizados dois experimentos com o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, composto pelo controle (somente água residuária sem plantas) e por três espécies de plantas macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes: Eichhornia crassipes (Aguapé), Pistia stratiotes (Alface) e Salvinia auriculata (Salvínia) cultivadas em água residuária. Foram realizadas seis repetições, perfazendo-se 24 unidades experimentais, em cada experimento. No vegetal, foram realizadas as avaliações de potencial de biomassa de plantas, análise química vegetal, acúmulo dos elementos químicos, extração de elementos por massa de planta, enquanto no efluente foi realizada a análise química de elementos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e aplicação do teste Tukey à 5% de probabilidade para as médias obtidas de planta, utilizando o software SISVAR® e o teste Dunnett a 5% para as médias obtidas dos dados gerados a partir da água residuária, utilizando o software Minitab® 16. As variáveis que apresentaram interação significativa no teste f de probabilidade e o teste de média não identificou sua interação não foram incluídas nas tabelas de desdobramento. As macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes de maior massa alcançaram melhores resultados nas avaliações realizadas. O Aguapé mostrou o melhor desempenho dentre as macrófitas, na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, e a Alface se igualou ao Aguapé em outros.
Contributing to the sustainable development within the proposal to use natural systems of low cost, in order to promote a clean and biological alternative, to know the physicochemical parameters that can influence the development of floating aquatic macrophytes is essential in the dynamics of these plants in the environment or in Artificial means. The objective of this work was based on the potential of three species of floating aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata in removing the chemical elements from Wastewater. The research work was carried out in a greenhouse at Experimental Lageado Farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - FCA, Campus Botucatu / UNESP, located in the municipality of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, latitude 22º 51'S, longitude 48º 26'W Grw, And altitude of 740 m in a greenhouse of polypropylene. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, composed of the control (only wastewater without plants) and three floating aquatic macrophyte species: Eichhornia crassipes (Aguapé), Pistia stratiotes (Lettuce) and Salvinia auriculata (Salvinia) cultivated in wastewater. Six replicates were performed, making up 24 experimental units in each experiment. In the plant, the evaluation of plant biomass potential, chemical plant analysis, efficiency of the use of chemical elements, accumulation of chemical elements, extraction of elements by plant mass, and in the effluent were carried out the chemical analysis of elements. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability for the means obtained from the plant using the software SISVAR® and the Dunnett test at 5% for the means obtained from the data generated from the wastewater, Using the software Minitab® 16. The variables that showed significant interaction in the probability test f and the mean test did not identify their interaction were not included in the unfolding tables. The higher mass floating aquatic macrophytes achieved better results in the evaluations. The Aguapé showed the best performance among the macrophytes, in the majority of the evaluated parameters, and the Lettuce equated to the Aguapé in many others.
Contributing to the sustainable development within the proposal to use natural systems of low cost, in order to promote a clean and biological alternative, to know the physicochemical parameters that can influence the development of floating aquatic macrophytes is essential in the dynamics of these plants in the environment or in Artificial means. The objective of this work was based on the potential of three species of floating aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata in removing the chemical elements from Wastewater. The research work was carried out in a greenhouse at Experimental Lageado Farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - FCA, Campus Botucatu / UNESP, located in the municipality of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, latitude 22º 51'S, longitude 48º 26'W Grw, And altitude of 740 m in a greenhouse of polypropylene. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, composed of the control (only wastewater without plants) and three floating aquatic macrophyte species: Eichhornia crassipes (Aguapé), Pistia stratiotes (Lettuce) and Salvinia auriculata (Salvinia) cultivated in wastewater. Six replicates were performed, making up 24 experimental units in each experiment. In the plant, the evaluation of plant biomass potential, chemical plant analysis, efficiency of the use of chemical elements, accumulation of chemical elements, extraction of elements by plant mass, and in the effluent were carried out the chemical analysis of elements. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability for the means obtained from the plant using the software SISVAR® and the Dunnett test at 5% for the means obtained from the data generated from the wastewater, Using the software Minitab® 16. The variables that showed significant interaction in the probability test f and the mean test did not identify their interaction were not included in the unfolding tables. The higher mass floating aquatic macrophytes achieved better results in the evaluations. The Aguapé showed the best performance among the macrophytes, in the majority of the evaluated parameters, and the Lettuce equated to the Aguapé in many others.
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Palavras-chave
Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia auriculata, Efluentes, Effluent