Influência do zircônio e do oxigênio na estrutura, microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas de ligas do sistema Ti-Mo-Zr
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-08-28
Autores
Araújo, Raul Oliveira de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido a uma série de fatores como o número de acidentes nos esportes, trânsito, doenças como artrite, artrose e osteoporose, a perda das funções biológicas em função do envelhecimento entre outros, acarretam a procura por materiais com a capacidade de cumprir a função de substituir partes ou funções orgânicas do corpo humano. Entre os materiais com a função de substituir tecidos humanos que suportam cargas, estão a classe dos metais, dentre esta classe destacam-se as ligas de Co-Cr, o aço ASTM F138, o titânio puro e a liga Ti-6Al-4V. Porém há a necessidade de ligas que promovam uma melhor compatibilidade mecânica e biológica. Este trabalho visa a preparação e caracterização das ligas Ti-10Mo-xZr (x = 5, 10, 15 e 20 %p), para aplicações como biomaterial. Estas ligas foram submetidas a tratamentos termomecânicos, de laminação à quente, tratamento térmico de recozimento, tratamento térmico de solubilização e tratamento térmicos em atmosfera controlada de oxigênio, para a incorporação deste elemento na liga. As ligas foram caracterizadas quimicamente por espectroscopia de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-OES), espectroscopia de dispersão de energia (EDS), além de análises de gases e de densidade; caracterizações estruturais e microestruturais por medidas de difração de raios X, refinamento dos difratogramas pelo método de Rietveld, microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura; caracterizações mecânicas por microdureza Vickers e módulo de elasticidade e caracterização biológica por ensaios de citotoxicidade in vitro. As ligas apresentaram a estequiometria prevista e boa homogeneidade química. Com relação a estrutura e microestrutura houve a predominância da fase beta a qual aumentou a estabilidade com a concentração de zircônio em detrimento de outras fases como alfa, alfa’’ e ômega. A microdureza diminuiu com o acréscimo do percentual de zircônio (de 451 HV para 372 HV), devido a uma maior estabilidade da fase beta em detrimento das fases secundárias. O mesmo comportamento é verificado em relação ao módulo de elasticidade (de 98 GPa para 77 GPa). Com relação a influência do oxigênio houve aumento na microdureza e módulo de elasticidade com o acréscimo deste elemento. Os testes biológicos não indicaram efeitos citotóxicos. Em se tratando de aplicações biológicas a liga Ti-10Mo-20Zr torna-se a mais promissora por possuir menor módulo de elasticidade em comparação com o aço ASTM F138, Co-Cr, Ti-cp, Ti-6Al-4V e Ti-15Mo.
Due to several factors such as the number of accidents in sports, traffic, diseases like arthritis, osteoporosis, and the loss of biological functions related to aging, among others, lead to a search for materials with the ability to fulfill the function of replacing parts or organic functions of the human body. Among the materials with the function of replacing human tissues that load-bearing, are the class of metals, and among this class are the Co-Cr alloys, the ASTM F138 stainless steel, the pure titanium and the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, there is a need for alloys that promote better mechanical and biological compatibility. In this sense, this work aims at the preparation and characterization of the Ti-10Mo-xZr alloys (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) for biomaterial applications. These alloys were subjected to several kinds of thermomechanical treatments, such as hot rolling, annealing, solubilization and heat treatment in an oxygen controlled atmosphere, in order to incorporate this element into the alloy. The alloys were chemically characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), in addition to gas and density analyzes. Structural and microstructural characterization were made by X-ray diffraction measurements, with refinement by Rietveld’s method, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was made by Vickers microhardness and elastic modulus measurements, and biological characterization was made by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The alloys presented desirable stoichiometry with good chemical homogeneity. Regarding to structure and microstructure, there is a predominance of phase, which becomes more stable with the increase in zirconium concentration in detriment of other phases as ’, ’’ and . In this way, the microhardness decreases with the addition of the substitutional element (from 451 HV to 372 HV), due to a higher phase stability, in detriment of those secondary phases. The same behavior was verified in relation to the elastic modulus (from 98 GPa to 77 GPa). With respect to the influence of oxygen, there is an increase in the values of microhardness and elastic modulus with the addition of this element. Biological tests did not indicate cytotoxic effects. For biological applications, the Ti-10Mo-20Zr alloy becomes the most promising because it has a low astic modulus compared to ASTM F138 stainless steel, Co-Cr, cp-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15Mo alloy.
Due to several factors such as the number of accidents in sports, traffic, diseases like arthritis, osteoporosis, and the loss of biological functions related to aging, among others, lead to a search for materials with the ability to fulfill the function of replacing parts or organic functions of the human body. Among the materials with the function of replacing human tissues that load-bearing, are the class of metals, and among this class are the Co-Cr alloys, the ASTM F138 stainless steel, the pure titanium and the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However, there is a need for alloys that promote better mechanical and biological compatibility. In this sense, this work aims at the preparation and characterization of the Ti-10Mo-xZr alloys (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) for biomaterial applications. These alloys were subjected to several kinds of thermomechanical treatments, such as hot rolling, annealing, solubilization and heat treatment in an oxygen controlled atmosphere, in order to incorporate this element into the alloy. The alloys were chemically characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), in addition to gas and density analyzes. Structural and microstructural characterization were made by X-ray diffraction measurements, with refinement by Rietveld’s method, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was made by Vickers microhardness and elastic modulus measurements, and biological characterization was made by in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The alloys presented desirable stoichiometry with good chemical homogeneity. Regarding to structure and microstructure, there is a predominance of phase, which becomes more stable with the increase in zirconium concentration in detriment of other phases as ’, ’’ and . In this way, the microhardness decreases with the addition of the substitutional element (from 451 HV to 372 HV), due to a higher phase stability, in detriment of those secondary phases. The same behavior was verified in relation to the elastic modulus (from 98 GPa to 77 GPa). With respect to the influence of oxygen, there is an increase in the values of microhardness and elastic modulus with the addition of this element. Biological tests did not indicate cytotoxic effects. For biological applications, the Ti-10Mo-20Zr alloy becomes the most promising because it has a low astic modulus compared to ASTM F138 stainless steel, Co-Cr, cp-Ti, Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15Mo alloy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biomateriais, Ligas de titânio, Estrutura, Propriedades mecânicas, Biomaterials, Titanium alloys, Structure, Mechanical properties