Análise do uso da terra e suas implicações na qualidade microbiológica da areia destinada à construção civil nos municípios de Ourinhos/SP, Jacarezinho/PR e Ribeirão Claro/PR
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Data
2017-10-06
Autores
Abrantes, Angélica Scheffer da Motta [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em muitas residências de alvenaria dos municípios de Ourinhos/SP, Jacarezinho/PR e Ribeirão Claro/PR identificam-se biodeteriorações nas paredes internas e/ou externas. Estas biodeteriorações não apresentam uma localização preferencial, podendo se desenvolver tanto no teto quanto no rodapé e nas paredes das casas. A aparência é de bolhas que, num estágio mais avançado, apresentam total deslocamento do reboco. Essas biodeteriorações resultam em prejuízos financeiros aos moradores, tendo em vista a necessidade de obras de recuperação da área afetada. A ocorrência dessa problemática se deve à presença da matéria orgânica na areia, que nos municípios citados é predominantemente oriunda do rio Paranapanema. Esta matéria orgânica favorece a proliferação de fungos e/ou bactérias. Esta condição está intimamente ligada ao uso e à ocupação da terra das áreas adjacentes, como também ao uso indiscriminado dos recursos naturais, como por exemplo, da água e do solo. Desta forma, este trabalho objetiva identificar as possíveis relações do uso e cobertura da terra nos municípios de Ourinhos/SP, Jacarezinho/PR e Ribeirão Claro/PR com a qualidade microbiológica da areia destinada à construção civil. O recorte espacial dos pontos de análise considerou as sub bacias do rio Paranapanena nas quais os locais de extração de areia estão inseridos. Para tanto, estes locais foram mapeados, assim como o uso da terra nas suas adjacências. Ao mesmo tempo foi aplicado um questionário em todas as casas de bairros com ocupação em torno de 15 anos de cada um dos municípios em estudo, objetivando identificar, dimensionar e caracterizar o problema bem como suas consequências. Outro questionário foi aplicado nos portos de areia da região para identificar a origem e as características da areia usada na construção civil dos municípios mencionados. Em seguida, foi feita uma amostragem do referido material nos portos e foram submetidas a análises de matéria orgânica, micológica e microbiológica, possíveis causadores das biodeteriorações. Por fim, os resultados obtidos apontam a presença de bactérias do grupo coliforme nas amostras oriundas dos portos de areia alocados nos cursos hídricos estudados, o que aponta o despejo de esgoto doméstico; foram identificadas também espécies de fungos decompositores, tanto nas amostras dos portos de areia, quanto das retiradas das biodeteriorações nas residências; quanto aos questionários 65% das residências possuem as biodeteriorações, 28% não apresentam mas já viram em outros estabelecimentos; no que se refere, aos mapas de uso da terra, observou-se uma substituição das vegetação original pelos usos de pastagem, agriculturas temporárias, silvicultura e área urbana, fato que mostra o modelo de produção de espaço na alteração das bacias hidrográficas por atividade antrópica, que está diretamente ligada com a qualidade microbiológica da areia.
In a few masonry residences from Ourinhos/SP, Jacarezinho/PR and Ribeirão Claro/PR it is possible to identify biodeteriorations in both internal and external walls. This biodeteriorations do not have a specific localization, so it Is possible to find it on the ceiling and footer of the residences. Its appearance is of bubbles that, in an advanced stage, shows total displacement of the plaster. This biodeteriorations result in financial looses to the residents, since there is the need for works to recover the affected area. The occurrence of this problematic is due to the presence of organic matter in the sand, which in the mentioned municipalities is predominantly from the Paranapanema River. This organic matter help the proliferation of fungi and/or bacteria. This condition is connected to the use and occupation of land in adjacent areas, as well as the indiscriminate use of natural resources such as water and soil. Thus, this research aims to identify the relations of land use and coverage in the the municipalities of Ourinhos / SP, Jacarezinho / PR and Ribeirão Claro / PR with the microbiological quality of the sand destined to the civil construction. The spatial clipping of the points of analysis considered the sub basins of the Paranapanena River in which the sand extraction sites are inserted. In order to do so, these sites were mapped, as well as the land use in its surroundings. Concomitantly it was applied a questionnaire in all the residences of districts that were existed in about 15 years of each of the municipalities under study, aiming to identify, size and characterize the problem as well as its consequences. Another questionnaire was applied in the region’s sands ports to identify the origin and characteristics of the sand used in the civil construction of the mentioned municipalities. After that, it was collected the material in the ports and after subjected to organic, mycological and microbiological analyzes, aiming to see if these could be the cause of biodeterioration. Lastly, the results indicate the presence of bacteria from the coliform group in the samples from the sand ports allocated to the studied water courses, which indicates the discharge of domestic sewage. It was also identified species of fungi decomposers, both in the samples of the sand ports and from the biodeteriorated walls. As for the questionnaires, about 65% of the residences have biodeteriorations, 28% don’t present biodeteriorations, but already seen it in another residences. In regard to the land use maps, it was observed a substitution of the original vegetation for the uses of pasture, temporary agriculture, forestry and urban area, which allows to see the part of the current model of space production in the alteration of the hydrographic basins by anthropic activity, which is directly linked to the microbiological quality of the sand.
In a few masonry residences from Ourinhos/SP, Jacarezinho/PR and Ribeirão Claro/PR it is possible to identify biodeteriorations in both internal and external walls. This biodeteriorations do not have a specific localization, so it Is possible to find it on the ceiling and footer of the residences. Its appearance is of bubbles that, in an advanced stage, shows total displacement of the plaster. This biodeteriorations result in financial looses to the residents, since there is the need for works to recover the affected area. The occurrence of this problematic is due to the presence of organic matter in the sand, which in the mentioned municipalities is predominantly from the Paranapanema River. This organic matter help the proliferation of fungi and/or bacteria. This condition is connected to the use and occupation of land in adjacent areas, as well as the indiscriminate use of natural resources such as water and soil. Thus, this research aims to identify the relations of land use and coverage in the the municipalities of Ourinhos / SP, Jacarezinho / PR and Ribeirão Claro / PR with the microbiological quality of the sand destined to the civil construction. The spatial clipping of the points of analysis considered the sub basins of the Paranapanena River in which the sand extraction sites are inserted. In order to do so, these sites were mapped, as well as the land use in its surroundings. Concomitantly it was applied a questionnaire in all the residences of districts that were existed in about 15 years of each of the municipalities under study, aiming to identify, size and characterize the problem as well as its consequences. Another questionnaire was applied in the region’s sands ports to identify the origin and characteristics of the sand used in the civil construction of the mentioned municipalities. After that, it was collected the material in the ports and after subjected to organic, mycological and microbiological analyzes, aiming to see if these could be the cause of biodeterioration. Lastly, the results indicate the presence of bacteria from the coliform group in the samples from the sand ports allocated to the studied water courses, which indicates the discharge of domestic sewage. It was also identified species of fungi decomposers, both in the samples of the sand ports and from the biodeteriorated walls. As for the questionnaires, about 65% of the residences have biodeteriorations, 28% don’t present biodeteriorations, but already seen it in another residences. In regard to the land use maps, it was observed a substitution of the original vegetation for the uses of pasture, temporary agriculture, forestry and urban area, which allows to see the part of the current model of space production in the alteration of the hydrographic basins by anthropic activity, which is directly linked to the microbiological quality of the sand.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Uso e cobertura da terra, Qualidade microbiológica da areia, Produção do espaço, Land use and land cover, Microbiological quality of sand, Space production