Disponibilidade de Ni em um latossolo vermelho distrófico em função da aplicação de gesso agrícola e caracterização fisiológica e bioquímica do algodoeiro
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Data
2017-08-18
Autores
Sanches, Carlos Vinícius [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O algodoeiro apresenta uma sensibilidade elevada nos sistemas de cultivo. A acidez do solo aliada a alta concentração alumínio e a baixa disponibilidade de cálcio em profundidade podem limitar a produtividade sendo possível verificar distúrbios nutricionais. Nesse contexto, o níquel, nutriente essencial, componente da metaloenzima urease tem sua importância comprovada no metabolismo do nitrogênio e vem sendo estudado como alternativa para melhorar a qualidade do sistema de cultivo por meio da eficiência do uso do nitrogênio disponível. Outra vertente de estudos diz respeito a capacidade do níquel de agir como metal pesado sendo prejudicial para as culturas, dessa maneira faz-se necessário entender a dinâmica desse nutriente dentro dos sistemas de cultivo. Tendo em vista o exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de níquel e gesso, e a interação entre os dois sobre o crescimento, produtividade e estado nutricional de plantas de algodoeiro em condições de campo. O experimento foi desenvolvido em dois anos, os tratamentos utilizados foram 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 6,0; 12 e 16 kg ha-1 de Ni e 0, 200, 400 e 800 kg ha-1 de gesso, aplicados via solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso em um fatorial 6x4 com 3 repetições. Para mensurar o efeito dos tratamentos, os parâmetros de crescimento (altura, diâmetro e número de ramos), estado nutricional (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Ni), e produtividade (número de estruturas reprodutivas, produtividade de algodão em caroço, rendimento de fibra e massa de 20 capulhos), foram submetidos a análise de variância e regressão polinomial por meio do software de análise estatística Sisvar 5.1. Há variações na produtividade em função das condições climáticas, em déficit hídrico severo foi possível concluir que o aumento na dose de gesso pode reduzir a produtividade do algodoeiro linearmente, a aplicação de doses de níquel e gesso, nas condições apresentadas nesse experimento, não exercem influência no crescimento e desenvolvimento do algodoeiro. O fornecimento de gesso até 800 kg/ha interfere na absorção de Ni, verifica-se um antagonismo entre cálcio e níquel. O fornecimento de níquel via solo não interfere na absorção de nutrientes com exceção do cálcio. O cálcio exerce antagonismo em relação ao manganês. As doses de níquel não promoveram efeitos positivos ou negativos no crescimento e desenvolvimento do algodoeiro.
The cotton plant has a high sensitivity in the cropping systems. The soil acidity allied to high aluminum concentration and low calcium availability in depth may limit the productivity and develop nutritional disorders. In this context, nickel, essential element, component of metalloenzyme urease, has its importance proven in the nitrogen metabolism. It has been studied as an alternative to improve the cropping system quality through an efficient use of the available nitrogen. Another strand of studies mentions about the nickel capacity to act as a heavy metal and being harmful to the crops, thereby making it necessary to understand this nutrient dynamic within the cropping systems. Based on the foregoing, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of the application of different nickel and gypsum doses, and the interaction between them on the growth, crop yield and nutritional status of cotton plants under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in two years, the treatments used were 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 6,0; 12 and 16 kg ha-1 of Ni and 0, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of gypsum, applied via soil. A randomized complete block design was used in a 6x4 factorial scheme with 3 repetitions. In order to measure the treatment effects, the parameters of growth (high, diameter and number of branches), nutritional status (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni), and crop yield (number of reproductive structures, seed cotton yield, fiber cotton yield and mass of 20 cotton bolls), were submitted to an analysis of variance and polynomial regression through a software of statistical analysis Sisvar 5.1. There are variations in the crop yield in function of the climate conditions; in severe water deficit, it was possible to conclude that the increase in gypsum doses can reduce cotton crop yield linearly. The application of doses of nickel and gypsum, under the conditions presented, do not influence the growth and development of the cotton plants. The supply of gypsum up to 800 kg ha-1 interfere in the absorption of Ni, verifying an antagonism between calcium and nickel. The supply of nickel via soil do not interfere in the nutrients absorption with exception of calcium, which exerts antagonism over manganese. The doses of nickel did not promote positive or negatives effects in the growth and development of the cotton plants.
The cotton plant has a high sensitivity in the cropping systems. The soil acidity allied to high aluminum concentration and low calcium availability in depth may limit the productivity and develop nutritional disorders. In this context, nickel, essential element, component of metalloenzyme urease, has its importance proven in the nitrogen metabolism. It has been studied as an alternative to improve the cropping system quality through an efficient use of the available nitrogen. Another strand of studies mentions about the nickel capacity to act as a heavy metal and being harmful to the crops, thereby making it necessary to understand this nutrient dynamic within the cropping systems. Based on the foregoing, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of the application of different nickel and gypsum doses, and the interaction between them on the growth, crop yield and nutritional status of cotton plants under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in two years, the treatments used were 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 6,0; 12 and 16 kg ha-1 of Ni and 0, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of gypsum, applied via soil. A randomized complete block design was used in a 6x4 factorial scheme with 3 repetitions. In order to measure the treatment effects, the parameters of growth (high, diameter and number of branches), nutritional status (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni), and crop yield (number of reproductive structures, seed cotton yield, fiber cotton yield and mass of 20 cotton bolls), were submitted to an analysis of variance and polynomial regression through a software of statistical analysis Sisvar 5.1. There are variations in the crop yield in function of the climate conditions; in severe water deficit, it was possible to conclude that the increase in gypsum doses can reduce cotton crop yield linearly. The application of doses of nickel and gypsum, under the conditions presented, do not influence the growth and development of the cotton plants. The supply of gypsum up to 800 kg ha-1 interfere in the absorption of Ni, verifying an antagonism between calcium and nickel. The supply of nickel via soil do not interfere in the nutrients absorption with exception of calcium, which exerts antagonism over manganese. The doses of nickel did not promote positive or negatives effects in the growth and development of the cotton plants.
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Palavras-chave
Gossypium hirsutum, Sulfato de níquel, Sulfato de cálcio, Absorção, Nickel sulfate, Calcium sulfate, Absorption