Extração de óleo de sementes de laranja por métodos não convencionais: estudo comparativo da extração por ultrassom e com fluido supercrítico
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Data
2017-08-18
Autores
Rosa, Daniele Penteado [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Extração de óleo de sementes de laranja é uma alternativa ao descarte dos resíduos da indústria de processamento de suco, e métodos não convencionais são estudados para otimizar o processo em relação ao rendimento e minimizar os danos causados ao óleo em relação à temperatura e solventes utilizados. Devido aos diferentes mecanismos de extração do óleo, esse projeto propôs estudar o efeito do ultrassom de potência e a aplicação de fluido supercrítico na extração de óleos de sementes de laranja, determinando qual método apresentava melhor rendimento e melhor manutenção das características de bioatividade do extrato obtido. Na extração por ultrassom de potência (UP) foram avaliados os parâmetros tempo, potência e efeito do solvente e comparados com o rendimento obtido pela extração com fluido supercrítico (EFS). A caracterização das sementes de laranja apresentou valores dentro do esperado e próximo aos encontrados na literatura. Umidade da semente seca e tamanho de partícula encontraram-se dentro dos limites indicados para extração de óleos vegetais Os maiores rendimentos para a extração com ultrassom foram encontrados para o hexano, em tempo de 120 minutos e potência de 900 W, apresentando 36,74% de óleo e um rendimento de 0,96. Nos procedimentos de EFS verificou-se que o rendimento da extração aumentou com o aumento da pressão à temperatura constante, onde observou-se um comportamento típico para a EFS, em que o maior rendimento de extração se da na etapa de taxa constante, apresentando 34,98% de óleo com um rendimento de 0,92, para extração à 70ºC e 300 bar. A análise de bioatividade evidencia que o óleo de semente de laranja apresentou atividade antioxidante e permite determinar que o Álcool Isopropílico foi o melhor tipo de solvente para a extração de carotenoides com valor de 22,76 μg β-caroteno/g de amostra, e o que melhor preservou as propriedades antioxidante através do método de DPPH com valor de 133,75 μM TE/g de amostra.
Orange seed oil extraction is an alternative to waste disposal from the materials juice processing industry, and unconventional methods are studied to optimize the process in relation to yield and minimize the damage caused in relation to the temperature and the solvents used. Due to the different mechanisms of oil extraction, this project proposes to study the effect of ultrasound power and a supercritical fluid application in the extraction of orange seeds oils, determining which method presents better yield and better retains as bioactivity characteristics of the extract obtained. The ultrasound power extraction (UP) evaluated the time, power and effect of the solvent and compared with the yield obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (EFS). The characterization presented values within expected and close to those found in the literature. Dry seed moisture and available particle size within the limits indicated for extraction of vegetable oils. Greater yields for the extraction with ultrasound were found for the hexane, in time of 120 minutes and power of 900 W, yielding 36.74% of oil and a yield of 0.96. In the procedures of EFS it verifies As the extraction efficiency increases with increasing constant temperature pressure and the analysis of the behavior of the solute extraction curve over time, a typical behavior for EFS is observed as a function of the process variables, in which the higher yield is obtained in the constant rate step, yielding 34.98% oil in a yield of 0.92, for extraction at 70 ° C and 300 bar. A bioactivity analysis indicates that the orange seed oil presents the antioxidant activity and allows to determine the Isopropyl Alcohol is the best type of solvent for extraction of carotenoids with a value of 22.76 μg β-carotene/g sample, and what best preserves as antioxidant characteristics through the DPPH method with a value of 133.75 μM TE/g of sample.
Orange seed oil extraction is an alternative to waste disposal from the materials juice processing industry, and unconventional methods are studied to optimize the process in relation to yield and minimize the damage caused in relation to the temperature and the solvents used. Due to the different mechanisms of oil extraction, this project proposes to study the effect of ultrasound power and a supercritical fluid application in the extraction of orange seeds oils, determining which method presents better yield and better retains as bioactivity characteristics of the extract obtained. The ultrasound power extraction (UP) evaluated the time, power and effect of the solvent and compared with the yield obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (EFS). The characterization presented values within expected and close to those found in the literature. Dry seed moisture and available particle size within the limits indicated for extraction of vegetable oils. Greater yields for the extraction with ultrasound were found for the hexane, in time of 120 minutes and power of 900 W, yielding 36.74% of oil and a yield of 0.96. In the procedures of EFS it verifies As the extraction efficiency increases with increasing constant temperature pressure and the analysis of the behavior of the solute extraction curve over time, a typical behavior for EFS is observed as a function of the process variables, in which the higher yield is obtained in the constant rate step, yielding 34.98% oil in a yield of 0.92, for extraction at 70 ° C and 300 bar. A bioactivity analysis indicates that the orange seed oil presents the antioxidant activity and allows to determine the Isopropyl Alcohol is the best type of solvent for extraction of carotenoids with a value of 22.76 μg β-carotene/g sample, and what best preserves as antioxidant characteristics through the DPPH method with a value of 133.75 μM TE/g of sample.
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Palavras-chave
Extração, Semente de laranja, Ultrassom de potência, Fluido supercrítico, Antioxidantes, Extraction, Orange seed, Power ultrasound, Supercritical fluid