Avaliação da tenacidade na região de transição dúctil-frágil de um tubo de aço grau API 5L soldado por HF/ERW
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Data
2017-09-18
Autores
Atilio, Isabela [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da demanda por petróleo e seus derivados tem instigado o desenvolvimento de materiais para dutos com elevadas tenacidade à fratura e resistência mecânica, como os aços de alta resistência e baixa liga (ARBL) pertencentes às classes API. Aliada à utilização destes aços, a aplicação do processo de soldagem por resistência elétrica de alta frequência (HF/ERW) tem conquistado maior interesse no setor. Entretanto, defeitos nas juntas soldadas constituem uma das principais causas de falhas em dutos, principalmente quando associados às condições externas de operação, o que tem sido motivo para estudos relacionados à integridade estrutural destes tubos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a tenacidade à fratura de um tubo de aço API 5L X70 soldado pelo processo HF/ERW, a partir de dados obtidos com ensaios CTOD de espécimes de flexão por três pontos, tipo SE(B) “gull wing”. A metodologia proposta envolveu ensaios de CTOD a variadas temperaturas, incluindo a região de transição dúctil-frágil, a fim de avaliar a integridade estrutural do material em condições críticas de operação. Os ensaios foram realizados com base nas normas ASTM E1820 e BS7448, e consistiram na utilização de corpos de prova retirados diretamente da parede do tubo, com posterior planificação. De forma geral, as amostras de material base apresentaram uma boa tenacidade à fratura em todas as temperaturas de ensaio, o que não aconteceu com as amostras de material de solda, que apresentaram baixa tenacidade. Os resultados de tenacidade obtidos mostraram que a metodologia empregada para o estudo da integridade estrutural por meio de ensaios CTOD com amostras extraídas diretamente da parede do tubo, com posterior planificação, mostrou-se adequada. Embora as normas ASTM E1820 e BS7448 adotem diferentes parâmetros para a determinação do valor de CTOD, observou-se que os valores de CTOD foram bem próximos.
The increasing demand for oil and its products has driven the development of materials for ducts with high fracture toughness and high mechanical strength, such as high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, appertaining to the API classes. In addition to the use of these steels, the application of the high frequency resistance welding process (HF/ERW) has gained greater interest in the sector. However, defects in the welded joints are one of the most causes of failures in pipelines, especially when they are associated with external operating conditions, which has been the reason for studies related to the structural integrity of these tubes. The aim of this work was to study the fracture toughness of an API 5L X70 steel tube welded by the HF/ERW process, from data obtained with CTOD tests bending specimens by three points, type SE (B) gull wing. The proposed methodology involved CTOD tests at various temperatures, including the ductile-brittle transition region, in order to assess the structural integrity of the material under critical operating conditions. The tests were performed based on the ASTM E1820 and BS7448 standards, and consisted of the use of specimens taken directly from the wall of the tube, with subsequent planning. In general, the base material samples showed good fracture toughness at all test temperatures, which did not occur with the samples of welded material, which presented low toughness. The toughness results obtained showed that the methodology used for the study of structural integrity by means of the CTOD tests with samples drawn directly from the wall of the tube, with subsequent planning, was adequate. Although the ASTM E1820 and BS7448 standards adopt different parameters for the determination of the CTOD value, it was observed that the CTOD values were very close.
The increasing demand for oil and its products has driven the development of materials for ducts with high fracture toughness and high mechanical strength, such as high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels, appertaining to the API classes. In addition to the use of these steels, the application of the high frequency resistance welding process (HF/ERW) has gained greater interest in the sector. However, defects in the welded joints are one of the most causes of failures in pipelines, especially when they are associated with external operating conditions, which has been the reason for studies related to the structural integrity of these tubes. The aim of this work was to study the fracture toughness of an API 5L X70 steel tube welded by the HF/ERW process, from data obtained with CTOD tests bending specimens by three points, type SE (B) gull wing. The proposed methodology involved CTOD tests at various temperatures, including the ductile-brittle transition region, in order to assess the structural integrity of the material under critical operating conditions. The tests were performed based on the ASTM E1820 and BS7448 standards, and consisted of the use of specimens taken directly from the wall of the tube, with subsequent planning. In general, the base material samples showed good fracture toughness at all test temperatures, which did not occur with the samples of welded material, which presented low toughness. The toughness results obtained showed that the methodology used for the study of structural integrity by means of the CTOD tests with samples drawn directly from the wall of the tube, with subsequent planning, was adequate. Although the ASTM E1820 and BS7448 standards adopt different parameters for the determination of the CTOD value, it was observed that the CTOD values were very close.
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Palavras-chave
Tenacidade, Aço API 5L X70, Ensaios de CTOD, Soldagem por resistência elétrica, Transição dúctil-frágil, Petróleo e Gás, Toughness, API 5L X70 Steel, CTOD testing, Electrical resistance welding, Ductile-brittle transition, Oil and Gas