Ecopontos no município de Bauru-SP: diagnóstico e avaliação no período 2011-2016
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Data
2017-09-26
Autores
Beltrame, Aline de Souza Dias [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) são um desafio ambiental, para as administrações municipais. Muitas vezes, são descartados em áreas inadequadas, causando danos ao meio ambiente e à estrutura das cidades. Dentre as várias formas de destinação adequada destes resíduos, existem os programas de coleta seletiva em pontos de entrega voluntária (para pequenos geradores), conhecidos como ecopontos em muitas cidades, como em Bauru-SP, nos quais são descartados resíduos da construção civil (RCC) e outros materiais recicláveis. O objetivo do presente trabalho é a realização de um diagnóstico dos ecopontos existentes nesta cidade (período 2011-2016), por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, de natureza qualitativa-quantitativa, com coleta de dados por amostragem não probabilística, com aplicação de questionário, observação não participante da realidade e realização de pesquisa documental. Este diagnóstico inclui: caracterização física e visual do objeto de estudo (ecopontos); seu desempenho quantitativo e qualitativo; e, tipos e destinação final dos resíduos recebidos nos ecopontos. Os resultados apontam que, atualmente, existem oito ecopontos na cidade, responsáveis pela coleta média mensal de 40 toneladas de RSU (a maioria, recicláveis), que são encaminhados pela prefeitura às cooperativas de recicláveis, que os comercializa junto a empresas de reciclagem. Bauru-SP produz mensalmente cerca de 9.000 toneladas de resíduos domiciliares (entre orgânicos e recicláveis) que, aliado ao mapeamento realizado no presente trabalho, indica o potencial de implantação de mais ecopontos na cidade. A pesquisa com os usuários apontou elevados índices de satisfação, com 99% atribuindo conceito ótimo e bom aos ecopontos. No entanto, constatou-se a necessidade de ações perenes de divulgação do programa ao restante da população. Outras lacunas são apresentadas no trabalho, com o intuito de subsidiar a administração municipal na manutenção e crescimento do programa de ecopontos.
Urban solid wastes (USW) are an environmental challenge for municipal administrations. They are often discarded in inappropriate areas, causing damage to the environment and the structure of cities. Among the various forms of proper disposal of these wastes, there are the selective collection programs at voluntary delivery points (for small generators), known as ecopoints in many brazilians cities, such as Bauru-SP, where waste from construction and other recyclable materials are discarded. The objective of the present work is to make a diagnosis of the ecopoints existing in this city (period 2011-2016), through an exploratory-descriptive research, of qualitative and quantitative nature, with data collection by non-probabilistic sampling, with questionnaire application, observation not participant of the reality and realization of documentary research. This diagnosis includes: physical and visual characterization of the object of study (ecopoints); quantitative and qualitative performance; and, types and final destination of the waste received in ecopoints. The results indicate that, currently, there are eight ecopoints in the city, responsible for the average monthly collection of 40 tons of USW (mostly recyclable), which are sent to recyclable cooperatives, which sells them to recycling companies. Monthly, Bauru-SP produces about 9.000 tons of household waste (between organic and recyclable), which, along with the mapping carried out in the present study, indicates the potential for more ecopoints in the city. The research with the users indicated high satisfaction indexes, with 99% assigning a great and good concept to the ecopoints. Nevertheless, it was verified the necessity of perennial actions of diffusion of the program to the rest of the population. Other shortcomings are presented in the dissertation, in order to subsidize the municipal administration in maintaining and growing the ecopoint Program.
Urban solid wastes (USW) are an environmental challenge for municipal administrations. They are often discarded in inappropriate areas, causing damage to the environment and the structure of cities. Among the various forms of proper disposal of these wastes, there are the selective collection programs at voluntary delivery points (for small generators), known as ecopoints in many brazilians cities, such as Bauru-SP, where waste from construction and other recyclable materials are discarded. The objective of the present work is to make a diagnosis of the ecopoints existing in this city (period 2011-2016), through an exploratory-descriptive research, of qualitative and quantitative nature, with data collection by non-probabilistic sampling, with questionnaire application, observation not participant of the reality and realization of documentary research. This diagnosis includes: physical and visual characterization of the object of study (ecopoints); quantitative and qualitative performance; and, types and final destination of the waste received in ecopoints. The results indicate that, currently, there are eight ecopoints in the city, responsible for the average monthly collection of 40 tons of USW (mostly recyclable), which are sent to recyclable cooperatives, which sells them to recycling companies. Monthly, Bauru-SP produces about 9.000 tons of household waste (between organic and recyclable), which, along with the mapping carried out in the present study, indicates the potential for more ecopoints in the city. The research with the users indicated high satisfaction indexes, with 99% assigning a great and good concept to the ecopoints. Nevertheless, it was verified the necessity of perennial actions of diffusion of the program to the rest of the population. Other shortcomings are presented in the dissertation, in order to subsidize the municipal administration in maintaining and growing the ecopoint Program.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ecoponto, Resíduos sólidos urbanos, Materiais recicláveis, Urban solid waste, Recyclable materials