Pertencimento e mudança: um estudo sobre temporalidades em um pequeno município brasileiro
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Data
2017-02-10
Autores
Machado, Carlos Eduardo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O enfoque desta dissertação reside no tema das temporalidades, pensadas aqui em suas múltiplas dimensões, construções, percepções, representações e usos. Para abordar esse universo, parto das narrativas dos habitantes de Borá, um pequeno município localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo (região Oeste), considerada pelo IBGE (2010) como a menor população do Brasil, somando o total de 805 habitantes, à época. A maior parte da população boraense (como se identificam) é composta por famílias descendentes dos pioneiros que povoaram a localidade nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Ao longo dos anos, mais famílias chegaram à cidade constituindo uma sociabilidade baseada em laços de parentescos e em alianças pautadas nas relações de vizinhança. Esse universo aparentemente coeso estava marcado por um processo de transformação demográfica, econômico, social e cultural, decorrente do avanço do agronegócio sucroalcooleiro na região. Anos antes, entre 2003 e 2004, uma antiga usina processadora de açúcar e álcool situada nos limites do município retomou suas atividades. Além da força de trabalho local, nas temporadas de safras, a usina contratava trabalhadores de outros estados, gerando um movimento migratório para Borá. Em 2013, foi inaugurado um conjunto habitacional para acolher esses trabalhadores e suas famílias. No mesmo ano, foi registrado em Borá um significativo aumento populacional, deixando de ser a menor do país. Diante disto, voltamos nosso olhar para o universo de compreensão dos habitantes locais (refiro-me as famílias mais antigas e aos demais moradores anteriores a retomada das atividades da usina), com o objetivo de refletir sobre as formas narrativas das mudanças e os significados temporais envoltos nas noções de pertencimento. Para realizar este estudo, lanço mão dos dados etnográficos produzidos no trabalho de campo realizado em Borá entre os anos de 2011-2013, da pesquisa bibliográfica e análises empreendidas entre 2014-2016.
The focus of this dissertation lies in the theme of temporalities, thought here in its multiple dimensions, constructions, perceptions, representations and uses. To approach this universe, I start from the narratives of the inhabitants of Borá, a small municipality located in the interior of the State of São Paulo (West region), considered by IBGE (2010) as the smallest population in Brazil, totaling 805 time. Most of the Boraan population (as they are identified) is composed of families descendants of the pioneers who populated the locality in the first decades of the twentieth century. Over the years, more families have come to the city by forming a sociability based on kinship ties and alliances based on neighborhood relations. This apparently cohesive universe was marked by a process of demographic, economic, social and cultural transformation due to the advance of the sugar-alcohol agribusiness in the region. Years earlier, between 2003 and 2004, an old sugar and alcohol processing plant located in the limits of the municipality resumed its activities. In addition to the local workforce, in the harvest seasons, the mill hired workers from other states, generating a migratory movement to Borá. In 2013, a housing complex was inaugurated to accommodate these workers and their families. In the same year, a significant increase in population was registered in Borá, being no longer the smallest in the country. In view of this, we turn our gaze to the universe of understanding of the local inhabitants (I refer to the older families and other residents prior to the resumption of the activities of the plant), with the purpose of reflecting on the narrative forms of the changes and temporal meanings involved in the notions of belonging. To carry out this study, I draw on the ethnographic data produced in the field work carried out in Borá between the years 2011-2013, the bibliographical research and analyzes undertaken between 2014-2016.
The focus of this dissertation lies in the theme of temporalities, thought here in its multiple dimensions, constructions, perceptions, representations and uses. To approach this universe, I start from the narratives of the inhabitants of Borá, a small municipality located in the interior of the State of São Paulo (West region), considered by IBGE (2010) as the smallest population in Brazil, totaling 805 time. Most of the Boraan population (as they are identified) is composed of families descendants of the pioneers who populated the locality in the first decades of the twentieth century. Over the years, more families have come to the city by forming a sociability based on kinship ties and alliances based on neighborhood relations. This apparently cohesive universe was marked by a process of demographic, economic, social and cultural transformation due to the advance of the sugar-alcohol agribusiness in the region. Years earlier, between 2003 and 2004, an old sugar and alcohol processing plant located in the limits of the municipality resumed its activities. In addition to the local workforce, in the harvest seasons, the mill hired workers from other states, generating a migratory movement to Borá. In 2013, a housing complex was inaugurated to accommodate these workers and their families. In the same year, a significant increase in population was registered in Borá, being no longer the smallest in the country. In view of this, we turn our gaze to the universe of understanding of the local inhabitants (I refer to the older families and other residents prior to the resumption of the activities of the plant), with the purpose of reflecting on the narrative forms of the changes and temporal meanings involved in the notions of belonging. To carry out this study, I draw on the ethnographic data produced in the field work carried out in Borá between the years 2011-2013, the bibliographical research and analyzes undertaken between 2014-2016.
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Palavras-chave
Identidade local, Sociabilidade, Passado, Pequenas cidades, Borá-SP, Local identity, Sociability, Past, Small cities