Fornecimento estratégico de leveduras vivas e monensina sódica no desempenho e saúde ruminal em bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento
Arquivos
Data
2017-12-04
Autores
Miranda, Lucas Domingos Ferreira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito de leveduras vivas e monensina sódica, em associação ou não, no desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça, perfil sanguíneo, comportamento ingestivo, seletividade da partícula e saúde ruminal em bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 77 animais machos não castrados, com peso vivo médio inicial de 353,23 ± 34,89 kg e provenientes de recria em sistema de pastejo contínuo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x2, sendo os fatores a inclusão de monensina ou leveduras vivas, e todos os tratamentos receberam a mesma dieta diferenciando apenas na inclusão dos aditivos. Cada tratamento foi composto por 6 baias (3 a 4 animais/baia), sendo estas consideradas as unidades experimentais para este estudo. O período experimental foi de 90 dias com adaptação em step up, aumentando o nível de concentrado da dieta de 67 até 87% na dieta de terminação. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio do procedimento MIXED do SAS, sendo considerado significativo P<0,05. Houve efeito significativo na ingestão de massa seca para os animais do tratamento monensina (P<0,01), assim como na conversão e eficiência alimentar (P=0,03 e P=0,02, respectivamente) quando comparados aos tratamentos sem monensina. A levedura por sua vez não proporcionou diferença nos parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e não houve interação entre os aditivos. Os animais que receberam monensina apresentaram menor flutuação de consumo (P<0,01) e maior energia líquida de ganho (P<0,01). O perfil sanguíneo dos animais tratados com monensina diferiu significativamente dos tratamentos sem monensina nos parâmetros pressão de O2 (P=0,01), total de CO2 (P=0,03) e bicarbonato (P=0,04), enquanto a levedura proporcionou menor lactato sanguíneo (P<0,01). Não houve interação entre aditivos ou entre aditivos e fases, no entanto houve diferença significativa entre as fases de adaptação e terminação para praticamente todos os parâmetros avaliados (P<0,01), exceto para pH, pressão de O2 e saturação de O2. Houve interação entre monensina e fase no comportamento ingestivo, para os parâmetros tempo de alimentação e tempo de ócio. Houve interação entre fornecimento de leveduras e fase nos parâmetros de seletividade de partículas, nas peneiras 1 e 2. Para os parâmetros de saúde ruminal, os animais dos tratamentos com monensina apresentaram maior índice de rumenites (P<0,01) e melhores resultados para área média das papilas (P=0,01), área de superfície absortiva (P<0,01), representatividade da participação das papilas na área de superfície absortiva (P<0,01) comparado com os tratamentos sem monensina. Não houve interações ou efeito do uso de levedura nos parâmetros de morfologia ruminal. Na avaliação da histologia ruminal, a monensina proporcionou maior largura das papilas (P=0,03), menor espessura de queratina (P<0,01) e maior índice mitótico (P=0,03) em comparação aos animais controle. Os tratamentos com levedura obtiveram maior largura de papilas (P=0,03) e menor índice mitótico (P<0,01). Houve interação para área média das papilas (P=0,01). Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que as leveduras vivas podem ser uma alternativa em confinamentos de bovinos Nelore quando mercados mais exigentes não permitirem a utilização de ionóforos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of live yeasts and monensina sodium, in association or not, on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, blood profile, ingestivo behavior, particle selectivity and ruminal health in Nellore cattle terminated in feedlot. A total of 77 uncastrated male animals were used, with initial average live weight of 353.23±34.89 kg and from rearing in a continuous grazing system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangemen, with the inclusion of monensin or living yeasts, all treatments received te same diet differing only in the inclusion of the additives. Each treatment consisted of 6 pen (3 to 4 animals/pen), these being considered the experimental units for this study. The experimental period was 90 days with step up adaptation, increasing the level of diet concentrate from 67 to 87% in the finishing diet. The results were evaluated through the SAS MIXED procedure, being considered significant P<0.05. There was a significant effect on dry matter intake for monensin (P<0.03 and P=0.02, respectively) when compared to treatments without monensin. The yeast did not provide any difference in the parameters of productive performance and there was no interaction between the additives. The animals receiving monensin showed lower consumption flutuation (P<0.01) and higher net gain energy (P<0.01). The blood profile of animals treated with monensin differed significantly from the treatments without monensin in the parameters O2 (P=0.01), total CO2 (P=0.03) and bicarbonate (P=0.04), while yeast lower blood lactate (P<0.01). There was no interaction between there was a significant difference between the adaptation and finishing phases for practically all the evaluated parameters (P<0.01), except for pH, O2 pressure and O2 saturation. There was interaction between monensin and phase in the ingestive behavior, for the parameters feeding time and leisure time. There was interaction between yeast supply and phase in the particle selectivity parameters in sieves 1 and 2. For the ruminal health parameters, the animals of the monensin treatments presented higher rumenites (P<0.01) and better results for the mean área of the papillae (P+0.01), the absorptive surfarce área (P<0.01), representativeness of the participation of the papillae in the absorptive surface área (P<0.01) compared to the treatments without monensin. There was no interaction or effect of yeast use on ruminal morphology. In the evaluation of ruminal histology, monensin provided greater papila width (P=0.03, lower keratin thickness (P<0.01) and higher mitotic index (P=0.03) compared to control animals. Yeast treatments obtained greater papila width (P=0.03) and lower mitotic index (P<0.01). There was interaction for the mean área of the papillae (P=0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that live yeasts may be na alternative in feedlots of Nellore cattle when more demanding markets don’t allow the use of ionophores.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of live yeasts and monensina sodium, in association or not, on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, blood profile, ingestivo behavior, particle selectivity and ruminal health in Nellore cattle terminated in feedlot. A total of 77 uncastrated male animals were used, with initial average live weight of 353.23±34.89 kg and from rearing in a continuous grazing system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2x2 factorial arrangemen, with the inclusion of monensin or living yeasts, all treatments received te same diet differing only in the inclusion of the additives. Each treatment consisted of 6 pen (3 to 4 animals/pen), these being considered the experimental units for this study. The experimental period was 90 days with step up adaptation, increasing the level of diet concentrate from 67 to 87% in the finishing diet. The results were evaluated through the SAS MIXED procedure, being considered significant P<0.05. There was a significant effect on dry matter intake for monensin (P<0.03 and P=0.02, respectively) when compared to treatments without monensin. The yeast did not provide any difference in the parameters of productive performance and there was no interaction between the additives. The animals receiving monensin showed lower consumption flutuation (P<0.01) and higher net gain energy (P<0.01). The blood profile of animals treated with monensin differed significantly from the treatments without monensin in the parameters O2 (P=0.01), total CO2 (P=0.03) and bicarbonate (P=0.04), while yeast lower blood lactate (P<0.01). There was no interaction between there was a significant difference between the adaptation and finishing phases for practically all the evaluated parameters (P<0.01), except for pH, O2 pressure and O2 saturation. There was interaction between monensin and phase in the ingestive behavior, for the parameters feeding time and leisure time. There was interaction between yeast supply and phase in the particle selectivity parameters in sieves 1 and 2. For the ruminal health parameters, the animals of the monensin treatments presented higher rumenites (P<0.01) and better results for the mean área of the papillae (P+0.01), the absorptive surfarce área (P<0.01), representativeness of the participation of the papillae in the absorptive surface área (P<0.01) compared to the treatments without monensin. There was no interaction or effect of yeast use on ruminal morphology. In the evaluation of ruminal histology, monensin provided greater papila width (P=0.03, lower keratin thickness (P<0.01) and higher mitotic index (P=0.03) compared to control animals. Yeast treatments obtained greater papila width (P=0.03) and lower mitotic index (P<0.01). There was interaction for the mean área of the papillae (P=0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that live yeasts may be na alternative in feedlots of Nellore cattle when more demanding markets don’t allow the use of ionophores.
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Palavras-chave
aditivos, bovinos confinados, epitélio ruminal, desempenho, additive, feedlot cattle, performance, ruminal epithellium