Diversidade de ácaros edáficos em um fragmento de mata atlântica e três cultivos agrícolas, em Jaboticabal/SP, com ênfase nos Gamasina (Mesostigmata)
Carregando...
Data
2017-10-31
Autores
Junqueira, Barbara Rodrigues
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, os estudos que visam avaliar a diversidade e abundância de ácaros edáficos predadores, como os Gamasina (Mesostigmata), ainda são incipientes, focando principalmente em áreas de vegetação natural. No entanto, compreender o impacto da agricultura nestes organismos é importante no aspecto de preservar a biodiversidade e avaliar a sensibilidade destes indíviduos aos tratos culturais. Além disso, conhecer a diversidade desses ácaros edáficos é o primeiro passo na prospecção de novos agentes de controle biológico. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa dissertação foi determinar e comparar a diversidade e abundância de espécies de ácaros edáficos presentes em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica e em três cultivos agrícolas, em Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, com ênfase nos Gamasina. As coletas de solo e serrapilheira (quando presente) foram realizadas bimenstralmente, entre os meses de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2017. Foram avaliadas quatro áreas: um fragmento de Mata Atlântica e cultivos de milho, soja e mangueiras. Cada coleta consistiu em 10 pontos amostrais aleatórios. No laboratório, as amostras foram colocadas em equipamento do tipo Funil de Berlese-Tullgren modificado para extração dos ácaros. O material extraído foi triado, os ácaros foram separados por ordem, sendo os Gamasina montados em lâminas de microscopia. Em seguida, os Gamasina foram identificados, sempre que possível, até o nível de espécie. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o grupo de ácaros edáficos mais abundante, para as quatro áreas de coleta, foi Oribatida (Sarcoptiformes), representando 73,5% dos ácaros coletados. Os Gamasina foram o segundo grupo mais encontrado (19%). Dentre os Gamasina foram encontradas 12 famílias, 35 gêneros e 50 morfoespécies, com destaque para Ologamasidae, representando 33,9% dos Gamasina coletados, seguida de Blattisociidae (18,3%), Laelapidae (13,2%) e Phytoseiidae (11,8%). No fragmento de vegetação natural foram coletados cerca de 52% dos Gamasina, com 25% no cultivo de mangueira, 19% na soja e 4% no milho. A área de vegetação natural também foi a que apresentou maior diversidade de gêneros e morfoespécies seguido pelo cultivo de mangueiras, soja e milho. Nesse estudo também foram encontradas novas espécies para ciência e até um novo gênero, Ologamasidae n. gen. n. sp., que é descrito baseado na morfologia de fêmeas e machos adultos coletados no fragmento de Mata Atlântica. Esse estudo demonstra que o impacto da ação antrópica afeta a comunidade de ácaros edáficos qualitativa e quantitativamente, ou seja, nas áreas de cultivo agrícola obteve-se menor diversidade e abundância de Gamasina.
In Brazil, studies aimed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of edaphic predatory mites, such as the Gamasina (Mesostigmata), are still incipient, focusing mainly on areas of natural vegetation. However, understanding the impact of agriculture on these organisms is important in terms of preserving biodiversity and assessing the sensitivity of these individuals to agricultural managements. In addition, knowing the diversity of these soil mites is the first step in prospecting for new biological control agents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the diversity and abundance of edaphic mite species present in a fragment of Atlantic Forest and three agricultural crops, in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, with an emphasis on Gamasina. Soil and litter (when present) were collected bi-monthly, between August 2015 and June 2017. Four areas were evaluated: a fragment of Atlantic Forest, corn, soybean and mango crops. Each sample consisted on ten random sampling points. In the laboratory, the samples were placed in a modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel for the extraction of mites. The extracted material was screened and the mites were separated in order, the Gamasina being mounted on microscopic slides. Then were identified, when possible, to species level. The results of this study showed that Oribatida (Sarcoptiforme) was the most abundant mite collected, representing 73.5% of total miltes, for the four areas. Gamasina were the second most abundant group (19%). Among the Gamasina, 12 families, 35 genera and 50 morphospecies were found, mainly Ologamasidae, representing 33.9% of the Gamasina collected, followed by Blattisociidae (18.3%), Laelapidae (13.2%) and Phytoseiidae (11, 8%). In the natural vegetation fragment, about 52% of the Gamasina were collected, 25% in mango culture, 19% in the soybean area and 4% in the corn area. The area of natural vegetation was also the one that presented greater diversity of genera and morphospecies followed by the cultivation of mango, soybean and corn. In this study new species were also found for science and even a new genus, Ologamasidae n. gen. n. sp., which is described based on the morphology of adult females and males collected in the Atlantic Forest fragment. This study demonstrates that the impact of anthropic action affects the community of soil mites qualitatively and quantitatively, that is, in the agricultural cultivation areas, there was less diversity and abundance of Gamasina.
In Brazil, studies aimed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of edaphic predatory mites, such as the Gamasina (Mesostigmata), are still incipient, focusing mainly on areas of natural vegetation. However, understanding the impact of agriculture on these organisms is important in terms of preserving biodiversity and assessing the sensitivity of these individuals to agricultural managements. In addition, knowing the diversity of these soil mites is the first step in prospecting for new biological control agents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the diversity and abundance of edaphic mite species present in a fragment of Atlantic Forest and three agricultural crops, in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, with an emphasis on Gamasina. Soil and litter (when present) were collected bi-monthly, between August 2015 and June 2017. Four areas were evaluated: a fragment of Atlantic Forest, corn, soybean and mango crops. Each sample consisted on ten random sampling points. In the laboratory, the samples were placed in a modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel for the extraction of mites. The extracted material was screened and the mites were separated in order, the Gamasina being mounted on microscopic slides. Then were identified, when possible, to species level. The results of this study showed that Oribatida (Sarcoptiforme) was the most abundant mite collected, representing 73.5% of total miltes, for the four areas. Gamasina were the second most abundant group (19%). Among the Gamasina, 12 families, 35 genera and 50 morphospecies were found, mainly Ologamasidae, representing 33.9% of the Gamasina collected, followed by Blattisociidae (18.3%), Laelapidae (13.2%) and Phytoseiidae (11, 8%). In the natural vegetation fragment, about 52% of the Gamasina were collected, 25% in mango culture, 19% in the soybean area and 4% in the corn area. The area of natural vegetation was also the one that presented greater diversity of genera and morphospecies followed by the cultivation of mango, soybean and corn. In this study new species were also found for science and even a new genus, Ologamasidae n. gen. n. sp., which is described based on the morphology of adult females and males collected in the Atlantic Forest fragment. This study demonstrates that the impact of anthropic action affects the community of soil mites qualitatively and quantitatively, that is, in the agricultural cultivation areas, there was less diversity and abundance of Gamasina.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ácaros de solo, Ácaros predadores, Taxonomia, Edaphic mites, Predatory mites, Taxonomy