Sistemas socioecológicos, resiliência e as comunidades locais de Cateme: os impactos da mineração do carvão em Moatize, Moçambique, no período de 2010-2014
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Data
2017-11-10
Autores
Notice, Joaquim [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa resulta da perspectiva de verificação dos efeitos degradantes da ação das mineradoras concessionadas para a exploração do carvão em Moatize, Moçambique, com objetivo de analisar os impactos adversos sobre as comunidades locais de Cateme, fruto da relação direta entre livrar-se da pobreza que o país se encontra mergulhado desde a sua independência, e o quadro legal do processo em território moçambicano, que envolvessem investimentos privados, nacionais e estrangeiros, suscetíveis de contribuir para o desenvolvimento e o bem-estar social do país. A hipótese é de que as comunidades locais de Moatize acreditam na possibilidade do aparecimento de mais empresas, tal como a Vale Moçambique, para a extração dos recursos naturais nos seus lugares de origem, gerando assim piores condições de vida para elas. A metodologia do interacionismo simbólico, articulado principalmente por uma abordagem etnográfica, nos permitiu junto das populações abrangidas pelo processo de reassentamento em Cateme, mesmo nas cidades de Moatize e Tete, constatar a situação deplorável derivada da exploração desequilibrada e não sustentável do carvão na província de Tete. Diante disso, como forma de oferecer informações para o resgate da concordância e o conforto das comunidades locais, trabalhamos com a presente tese, fundamentados nas teorias de resiliência de comunidades e dos sistemas socioecológicos, justificada no contexto de um processo atual que envolve a superação de condições adversas das comunidades locais em suas vidas, fortalencendo os processos de resiliência comunitária. Entendemos, ao partirmos deste estudo, buscar uma relação socioecológica mais justa e responsável, contemplando a sustentabilidade das diversas comunidades locais, por meio de uma gestão ambiental participativa e adaptativa, integrando as instituções governamentais, as multinacionais e a população, na tomada de decisões e de políticas públicas voltadas à conservação dos recursos naturais e à preservação das raízes socioculturais tradicionais, cooperando no desenvolvimento da resiliência das comunidades envolvidas, a fim de proporcionar uma qualidade de vida e ambiental adequada para a população em Moçambique, diante das transformações referentes às multifuncionalidades de suas paisagens.
This research results from the perspective of verifying the degrading effects of coal mining operations in Moatize, Mozambique, in order to analyze the adverse impacts on the local communities of Cateme, as a result of the direct relationship between getting rid of poverty The country has been immersed since its independence and the legal framework of the process, in Mozambican territory, involving private investments, national and foreign, likely to contribute to the development and social welfare of the country. The hypothesis is that the local communities of Moatize believe in the possibility of the appearance of more companies, such as Vale Moçambique, to extract natural resources in their places of origin, thus generating worse living conditions for them. The methodology of symbolic interactionism, articulated mainly by an ethnographic approach, allowed the populations affected by the resettlement process in Cateme, even in the cities of Moatize and Tete, to note the deplorable situation derived from the unbalanced and unsustainable exploitation of coal in the province of Tete. Therefore, as a way to offer informations to the recovery of the concordance and comfort of local communities, we work with the present thesis, based on the resilience theories of communities and socioecological systems, justified in the context of a current process that involves overcoming conditions Local communities in their lives, strengthening community resilience processes. We intend to seek a more just and responsible socioecological relationship, taking into account the sustainability of the various local communities, through participatory and adaptive environmental management, integrating governmental institutions, multinationals and the population, in decision-making and of public policies aimed at the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of traditional socio-cultural roots, cooperating in the development of the resilience of the communities involved, in order to provide a suitable quality of life and environmental for the population in Mozambique, in face of the transformations regarding the multifunctional Its landscapes.
This research results from the perspective of verifying the degrading effects of coal mining operations in Moatize, Mozambique, in order to analyze the adverse impacts on the local communities of Cateme, as a result of the direct relationship between getting rid of poverty The country has been immersed since its independence and the legal framework of the process, in Mozambican territory, involving private investments, national and foreign, likely to contribute to the development and social welfare of the country. The hypothesis is that the local communities of Moatize believe in the possibility of the appearance of more companies, such as Vale Moçambique, to extract natural resources in their places of origin, thus generating worse living conditions for them. The methodology of symbolic interactionism, articulated mainly by an ethnographic approach, allowed the populations affected by the resettlement process in Cateme, even in the cities of Moatize and Tete, to note the deplorable situation derived from the unbalanced and unsustainable exploitation of coal in the province of Tete. Therefore, as a way to offer informations to the recovery of the concordance and comfort of local communities, we work with the present thesis, based on the resilience theories of communities and socioecological systems, justified in the context of a current process that involves overcoming conditions Local communities in their lives, strengthening community resilience processes. We intend to seek a more just and responsible socioecological relationship, taking into account the sustainability of the various local communities, through participatory and adaptive environmental management, integrating governmental institutions, multinationals and the population, in decision-making and of public policies aimed at the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of traditional socio-cultural roots, cooperating in the development of the resilience of the communities involved, in order to provide a suitable quality of life and environmental for the population in Mozambique, in face of the transformations regarding the multifunctional Its landscapes.
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Palavras-chave
Vale Moçambique, Relações socioecológicas, Reassentamento de comunidades locais, Gestão ambiental participativa e adaptativa, Paisagens multifuncionais, Vale Mozambique, Socioecological, Resettlement of local communities, Participatory and adaptive environmental management, Multifunctional landscapes