Assinatura espectral em Terra Preta de Índio na Amazônia brasileira
Data
2017-12-07
Autores
Aquino, Renato Eleoterio De [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos contendo horizonte antropogênico na Amazônia apresentam características muito diferenciadas. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta informações sobre suas características e a relação com a assinatura espectral (espectroscopia de reflectância difusa) provenientes da expressão da cor destes solos, podendo ser ultilizado para compreender tanto seus processos de formação, quanto auxiliar como um indicador agrícola e conservacionista para o melhor uso destes solos. Este trabalho apresenta o objetivo geral de caracterizar diferentes ambientes de TPIs (Terra Preta de Índio) por meio da assinatura espectral, assim, compreender a influência das TPIs no estoque e efluxo de CO2 (fCO2). E dois objetivos específicos (i) mensurar os atributos do solo de ambientes com TPI através da assinatura espectral, visando tornar-se uma alternativa eficiente na identificação e caracterização destes ambientes e (ii) identificar através da assinatura espectral o potencial de efluxo de fCO2 e do estoque de C em TPI na região sul do estado do Amazonas. Foram abertos seis perfis de TPI, sendo coletadas amostras por horizonte em cada perfil. Para analisar a variabilidade espacial da TPI foi estabelecido uma malha de 70 m x 70 m e coletada amostras de solos em espaçamentos regulares de 10 m na profundidade de 0,0-0,10 m. Nas amostras coletadas, realizou-se a análise granulométrica, fertilidade, análises mineralógicas e a assinatura espectral nos solos. Na malha, também foi determinado fCO2. De forma geral, nos difratogramas os solos estudados apresentam composição mineralógica semelhante, concentrando os oxihidróxidos de Ferro e Alumínio (Hematita (Hm), Goethita (Gt), Gibsita (Gb)) com dominância de Caulinita (Ct) e Gt. Nos espectros da assinatura espectral entre os óxidos, a Gt predomina nesses solos, com menores expressões da Hm. Os maiores valores de reflectância na faixa da Gt foram encontrados em todos os horizontes antropogênicos da TPI. Em relação a faixa da Ct e Gb os espectros indicaram presença mais nítida da Ct evidenciados pela concavidade mais nítida em todos os horizontes antropogênico da TPI. Por outro lado, as medidas de cores (matiz, valor e croma) obitidas via assinatura espectral possibilitou a construção do triângulo ternário, onde formou-se quatro classes de valores de estoque de carbono e fCO2, possibilitando desta maneira inferir sobre estes atributos de maneira mais simples e rápida, somente através dos padrões de cores. A Gt e Ct foram os minerais que apresentaram dominância nos ambientes de TPI, evidenciados pelas faixas espectrais e corroborado pelos difratogramas, reforçando a eficiência da assinatura espectral para a caracterização das TPIs. A assinatura espectral foi eficiente na identificação de áreas com potencial de estoque de carbono e fCO2 em TPI.
Soils containing anthropogenic horizon on Amazon very different characteristics. In this context, this paper presents information about its characteristics and the relation with the spectral signature from the color expression of these soils, and can be used to understand both their formation process, as assist as an indicator Agriculture and conservation for the best use of these soils. This work presents as a general objective the objective of this study is to characterize different environments with the presence of anthropogenic horizon of (Indian black earth) IBE through spectral signature, so understand the influence of the IBE in stock and flow of CO2. And two specific objectives (i) measuring soil attributes of environments with IBE by spectral signature, aiming to become an efficient alternative in the identification and characterization of these environments and (ii) identify by the potential emission spectral signature of fCO2 and C stock in IBE site in the southern state of Amazonas. Were opened six profiles of IBE, and collected samples for horizon in each profile. To analyze the spatial variability of the IBE was established a network of 70 m x 70 m and collected soil samples in regular spacing of 10 m in depth of 0.10 m. In the samples collected, sieve analysis, fertility and mineralogical analysis and spectral signature in the soil. In General, in difratogramas soils studied feature similar mineralogical composition, focusing on the iron and aluminium oxyhydroxide minerals (Hematite (Hm), Goethite (Gt), Gibbsite (Gb)) with dominance of Kaolinite (Ct) and Gt. In the spectra of the spectral signature between the oxides, the Gt predominates in these soils, with minor expressions of Hm. The highest values of reflectance in the Gt were found in all anthropogenic horizons IBE. About Ct and Gb band Spectra indicated presence sharper of Ct evidenced by scoop sharper in all anthropogenic horizons IBE. On the other hand, through the measures spectral signature colors (hue, value and chroma) made possible the construction of the ternary triangle and graduated four classes of values of carbon stocks and fCO2, enabling this way infer about these attributes in a manner simpler and faster, only through the color patterns. The Gt and Ct were minerals that showed dominance in environments of IBE, evidenced by the spectral bands and corroborated by the difratogramas, enhancing the efficiency of the spectral signature for the characterization of the IBE. The spectral signature was effective in identifying areas with potential for stock of C and CO2 emission in IBE.
Soils containing anthropogenic horizon on Amazon very different characteristics. In this context, this paper presents information about its characteristics and the relation with the spectral signature from the color expression of these soils, and can be used to understand both their formation process, as assist as an indicator Agriculture and conservation for the best use of these soils. This work presents as a general objective the objective of this study is to characterize different environments with the presence of anthropogenic horizon of (Indian black earth) IBE through spectral signature, so understand the influence of the IBE in stock and flow of CO2. And two specific objectives (i) measuring soil attributes of environments with IBE by spectral signature, aiming to become an efficient alternative in the identification and characterization of these environments and (ii) identify by the potential emission spectral signature of fCO2 and C stock in IBE site in the southern state of Amazonas. Were opened six profiles of IBE, and collected samples for horizon in each profile. To analyze the spatial variability of the IBE was established a network of 70 m x 70 m and collected soil samples in regular spacing of 10 m in depth of 0.10 m. In the samples collected, sieve analysis, fertility and mineralogical analysis and spectral signature in the soil. In General, in difratogramas soils studied feature similar mineralogical composition, focusing on the iron and aluminium oxyhydroxide minerals (Hematite (Hm), Goethite (Gt), Gibbsite (Gb)) with dominance of Kaolinite (Ct) and Gt. In the spectra of the spectral signature between the oxides, the Gt predominates in these soils, with minor expressions of Hm. The highest values of reflectance in the Gt were found in all anthropogenic horizons IBE. About Ct and Gb band Spectra indicated presence sharper of Ct evidenced by scoop sharper in all anthropogenic horizons IBE. On the other hand, through the measures spectral signature colors (hue, value and chroma) made possible the construction of the ternary triangle and graduated four classes of values of carbon stocks and fCO2, enabling this way infer about these attributes in a manner simpler and faster, only through the color patterns. The Gt and Ct were minerals that showed dominance in environments of IBE, evidenced by the spectral bands and corroborated by the difratogramas, enhancing the efficiency of the spectral signature for the characterization of the IBE. The spectral signature was effective in identifying areas with potential for stock of C and CO2 emission in IBE.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
terra preta arqueológica, pedometria, solos amazônicos, archaeological black earth, amazonian soils